Fig. 2.

Reconstructions of island colonizations and relative brain size changes. a The phylogenetic distribution of oceanic island-living birds (110 species coloured in red)*. Internal branches show estimated transitions from island to mainland and vice versa in one of the ancestral estimations, where red and blue branches represent island and mainland living, respectively. b Representation of ancestors and descendants in the different types of transitions studied: continent to continent (α), continent to islands (β), and islands to islands (γ). c Histograms show the difference in relative brain size (RB) between different ancestral types, comparing the posterior samples of each category from the BPMM. Bird silhouettes were drawn by FS and are available at PhyloPic (http://phylopic.org)