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. 2017 Feb 13;15(5):493–505. doi: 10.1038/cmi.2016.71

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© CSI and USTC 2017

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License, which permits any non-commercial use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. If you remix, transform, or build upon this article or a part thereof, you must distribute your contributions under the same license as the original. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/.

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IL-25 increases the respiratory capacity of macrophages. RAW264.7 macrophages and/or BMMCs were treated for 48 h with different cytokines or mediators, such as IL-5, IL-15, IL-25, IFNγ and LPS. (a) The expression of the CPT1α protein in RAW264.7 macrophages and BMMCs. (b, c) The total NAD (NADt) and decomposed NAD (NADH) production in RAW264.7 cells (b) and BMMCs (c) treated with cytokines. The data are presented as the mean±s.d. of three independent experiments. n=3; *P<0.05 versus the Veh-NADH group; ^#P<0.05 versus the Veh-NADt group. (d) MitoTracker staining showed the mitochondrial mass and fusion in RAW264.7 macrophages and BMMCs treated with cytokines. Scale bar: 10 μm. (e) The ATP production in RAW264.7 cells and BMMCs treated with cytokines. The data are presented as the mean±s.d. of three independent experiments. n=3; *P<0.05 versus the Veh group. (f) OCRs in BMMCs. The data are presented as the mean±s.d., n=5. BMMC, bone marrow-derived macrophage; IFN, interferon; IL, interleukin; LPS, lipopolysaccharide; OCR, oxygen consumption rate.