Table 5.

Different LoRaWAN modes [31].

Modes	Characteristics	Explanations
Mode 1	$BW=125$ kHz, $SF=12$, $CR=\frac{4}{5}$	Largest distance mode (max range and slow data rate)
Mode 2	$BW=250$ kHz, $SF=10$, $CR=\frac{4}{5}$	Intermediate mode
Mode 3	$BW=500$ kHz, $SF=7$, $CR=\frac{4}{5}$	Minimum range, high data rate and minimum battery impact