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. 2018 Jun 30;18(7):2101. doi: 10.3390/s18072101

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© 2018 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Force variations as a function of time recorded during penetration in L5/L6 (a1), L6/L7 (a2) and L7/S1 (a3) spaces; (b1) is the same as (a1) where positive values are set to zero; (b2) is the same as (a2) where positive values are set to zero; (b3) the same as (a3) where positive values are set to zero; (c1) is the derivative of (a1) where positive values are set to zero; (c2) is the derivative of (a2) where positive values are set to zero; (c3) is the derivative of (a3) where positive values are set to zero; (d1) is the processed signal given by the product between (b1) and (c1). (d2) is the processed signal given by the product between (b2) and (c2). (d3) is the processed signal given by the product between (b3) and (c3).