Ex vivo anti-HIV activities of the new lipopeptide inhibitors. (A through C) Each of the inhibitors (LP-40, LP-50, LP-51) was subcutaneously injected into six rhesus monkeys at 3 mg/kg, and monkey sera were harvested at different time points before or after injection. The inhibitory activities of sera from monkeys administered LP-40 (A), LP-50 (B), and LP-51 (C) against HIV-1NL4-3 were tested by a single-cycle infection assay, and serum dilutions required for 50% inhibition of virus infection were calculated. (D) Comparison of HIV-inhibitory activities of monkey sera. Since the same group of monkeys was used, the data for T-20 and LP-19 were obtained from a previous study (20). A Mann-Whitney U test was performed to judge the significance of the differences between treatment groups (P, 0.0005 for LP-50 versus LP-40; P, 0.0003 for LP-51 versus LP-40; P, 0.4458 for LP-40 versus T-20; P, 0.0003 for LP-50 versus T-20; P, 0.0003 for LP-51 versus T-20; P, 0.0042 for LP-50 versus LP-19; P, 0.0004 for LP-51 versus LP-19; P, 0.9459 for LP-50 versus LP-51).