Table 3.
Adjusted odds ratios of the logistic regression analyses for low birthweight in Africa, stratified by child’s gender.
| Male | Female | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| AOR (95% CI) a | AOR (95% CI) a | ||
| Exposed to ETS (Ref: No) | 1.08 (1.02, 1.14) ** | 1.04 (0.98, 1.09) | |
| ETS exposure frequency (Ref: No) | |||
| Monthly | 1.11 (0.93, 1.33) | 1.02 (0.86, 1.22) | |
| Weekly | 1.17 (1.01, 1.35) * | 1.02 (0.89, 1.17) | |
| Daily | 1.06 (1.01, 1.12) * | 1.04 (0.99, 1.11) | |
| Birth order (in 1 unit increments) | 0.97 (0.96, 0.99) ** | 1.01 (0.99, 1.02) | |
| Mother’s age group (≤19 years) | |||
| 20–29 | 0.77 (0.70, 0.85) *** | 0.81 (0.74, 0.90) *** | |
| 30–39 | 0.73 (0.65, 0.82) *** | 0.72 (0.64, 0.80) *** | |
| ≥40 | 0.80 (0.69, 0.93) *** | 0.76 (0.66, 0.87) *** | |
| Mother’s education (Ref: No education) | |||
| Primary | 0.77 (0.79, 0.89) *** | 0.89 (0.84, 0.95) *** | |
| Secondary | 0.73 (0.71, 0.85) *** | 0.88 (0.82, 0.95) ** | |
| Higher | 0.80 (0.55, 0.86) ** | 0.72 (0.59, 0.89) ** | |
| Mother’s occupation (Ref: unemployed) | |||
| Professional/office-related | 1.04 (0.86, 1.26) | 0.93 (0.78, 1.10) | |
| Sales | 1.00 (0.92, 1.08) | 0.95 (0.88, 1.02) | |
| Farming | 0.91 (0.85, 0.97) ** | 0.93 (0.87, 0.99) * | |
| Other services | 1.07 (0.98, 1.16) | 1.04 (0.95, 1.13) | |
a, Adjusted for birth order, mother’s age, mother’s education, and mother’s occupation, country, residence, family size, wealth index, father’s occupation, cooking fuel, and kitchen location; ETS, environmental tobacco smoke; AOR, adjusted odds ratio; CI, confidence interval; * p ≤ 0.05; ** p ≤ 0.01; *** p ≤ 0.001.