Table 1.

Descriptive statistics

Variable	Observations	Mean	SD	Min	Max
equalization1 (%)	589	−24.128	31.539	− 171.983	0
equalization2 (%)	589	−35.115	49.226	− 260	0
self (%)	589	51.705	19.741	5.303	95.086
transfer (10 billion yuan)	589	7.108	7.232	0.158	37.796
gdpg (%)	589	11.196	2.554	3	23.8
education (per 1000 population)	589	76.939	59.480	0.905	423.35
dependency (%)	589	39.330	7.969	19.27	64.49
urbanization (%)	589	46.511	16.192	16.9	89.6
population (‰)	589	5.941	3.327	−1.8	16