Table 2.
Comparison between the characteristics of patients who develop and those who did not develop encephalopathy after acute variceal bleeding.
| Characteristic | With HE | Without HE | P |
|---|---|---|---|
| (n = 59) | (n = 28) | ||
| Age (years) | 50.8 ± 10.4 | 53.4 ± 8.9 | 0.25 |
|
| |||
| Male gender, n (%) | 35 (59.3) | 20 (71.4) | 0.27 |
|
| |||
| CHILD A/B/C | 24/29/6 | 4/19/5 | 0.03 |
|
| |||
| Units of red cells concentrates | 1.1 ± 1.1 | 1.5 ± 1.3 | 0.15 |
|
| |||
| Cause of cirrhosis (n) | |||
| Alcohol | 24 | 15 | 0.48 |
| Hepatitis C | 14 | 3 | |
| NASH | 14 | 6 | |
| Other | 7 | 4 | |
|
| |||
| MAP (mmHg) | 69.6 ± 10.2 | 64.1 ± 10.8 | 0.02 |
|
| |||
| Cardiac frequency (beats/min) | 91.2 ± 12.6 | 95.3 ± 10.5 | 0.12 |
|
| |||
| Time before endoscopy (hours) | 7.6 ± 1.6 | 6.9 ± 1.1 | 0.02 |
|
| |||
| Urea (mg/dl) | 39.3 ± 19.4 | 47.4 ± 22.5 | 0.09 |
|
| |||
| Creatinine (mg/dl) | 0.87 ± 0.21 | 0.88 ± 0.22 | 0.75 |
|
| |||
| Sodium (mEq/L) | 137.9 ± 3.3 | 136.8 ± 4.7 | 0.22 |
|
| |||
| Potassium (mEq/L) | 4.0 ± 0.4 | 3.9 ± 0.6 | 0.75 |
|
| |||
| Chlorine (mEq/L) | 103.3 ± 4.5 | 103.3 ± 6.1 | 0.99 |
|
| |||
| Albumin (mg/dl) | 3.2 ± 0.5 | 2.7 ± 0.7 | <0.0001 |
|
| |||
| Bilirubin (mg/dl) | 1.6 ± 1.3 | 2.1 ± 1.5 | 0.09 |
|
| |||
| Hemoglobin (g/dl) | 8.7 ± 3.1 | 9.0 ± 3.7 | 0.74 |
|
| |||
| Hematocrit (%) | 26.5 ± 9.1 | 27.8 ± 11.3 | 0.59 |
|
| |||
| Platelets (10 9 cel/mcl) | 120.1 ± 69.7 | 128.4 ± 65.9 | 0.60 |
|
| |||
| Leucocytes (10 3 cel/mcl) | 7.3 ± 3.7 | 8.7 ± 4.8 | 0.14 |
|
| |||
| Neutrophils (10 3 cells/mcl) | 5.4 ± 2.8 | 6.7 ± 4.4 | 0.16 |
|
| |||
| Prothrombin time (sec) | 15.4 ± 3.6 | 19.3 ± 9.3 | 0.03 |
|
| |||
| INR | 1.3 ± 0.3 | 1.6 ± 0.8 | 0.03 |
|
| |||
|
Variceal bleeding source Esophageal/Gastric (n) |
50/9 | 25/3 | 0.74 |
HE: hepatic encephalopathy; INR: international normalized ratio; MAP: mean arterial pressure; NASH: nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.
Statistical significance: P ≤ 0.05.