Table 1.
Clinical, demographic, and laboratory characteristics of study participants
|
Cases |
Controls (n=3949) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Severe malaria (n=2244) | Cerebral malaria (n=1233) | Severe malarial anaemia (n=686) | Respiratory distress (n=686) | Other severe malaria (n=436) | |||
| Age (months) | 28·0 (15·0–43·0) | 28·0 (16·0–43·0) | 19·0 (10·0–33·0) | 25·0 (12·7–38·0) | 32·0 (19·2–54·0) | 6·0 (5·0–8·0) | |
| Male cases | 1157 (52%) | 627 (51%) | 357 (52%) | 357 (52%) | 226 (52%) | 1992 (50%) | |
| Female cases | 1087 (48%) | 606 (49%) | 329 (48%) | 329 (48%) | 210 (48%) | 1957 (50%) | |
| Ethnic origin | |||||||
| Giriama | 1320 (59%) | 743 (60%) | 385 (56%) | 379 (55%) | 268 (62%) | 1335 (46%) | |
| Chonyi | 527 (23%) | 264 (21%) | 176 (26%) | 181 (26%) | 97 (22%) | 1411 (36%) | |
| Kauma | 171 (8%) | 98 (8%) | 48 (7%) | 64 (9%) | 25 (6%) | 440 (11%) | |
| Other | 226 (10%) | 128 (10%) | 77 (11%) | 62 (9%) | 46 (10%) | 273 (7%) | |
| Parasite density per μL (geometric mean [95% CI]) | 40 032 (36 141–44 343) | 38 650 (33 608–44 447) | 40 944 (34 590–48 465) | 56 849 (47 547–67 969) | 34 701 (27 111–44 416) | N/A | |
| MCV (fL) | 74·1 (9·4) | 74·3 (9·3) | 75·4 (10·6) | 74·8 (9·8) | 73·3 (8·9) | N/A | |
| Platelets (× 106 per L) | 163 (146) | 170 (145) | 139 (118) | 154 (147) | 168 (164) | N/A | |
| Haemoglobin (g/L) | 66 (25) | 70 (24) | 38 (12) | 63 (25) | 79 (20) | N/A | |
| Inpatient death | 263 (12%) | 196 (16%) | 82 (12%) | 119 (17%) | 21 (5%) | N/A | |
Data are median (IQR), number of participants (%), or mean (SD), unless indicated otherwise. Severe malaria cases were classified as cerebral malaria, severe malarial anaemia, and respiratory distress; patients displaying more than one severe malaria phenotype are represented in each of the subgroups. MCV=mean cell volume. N/A=not applicable.