Table 3.
Zone of inhibition (in mm) of combined plant extracts against different bacterial strains.
| Plants | Concentration | Bacteria | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| S. aureus | P. aeruginosa | E. coli | K. pneumoniae | ||||||
| [mg/mL] | |||||||||
| Cli. | Sta. | Cli. | Sta. | Cli. | Sta. | Cli. | Sta. | ||
| CqEh | 195 | 11.3±0.9 ad | 13.0±0.0 ad | 9.7±0.9 acd | 14.0±0.6 acd | 7.7±0.3 ad | 8.7±0.9 ad | 9.3±0.3 ad | 10.7±0.3 ad |
| 390 | 15.0±0.6 a | 16.0±0.6 a | 14.0±0.6 ab | 17.3±0.3 ab | 10.7±0.3 a | 10.7±0.3 ad | 11.7±0.3 ad | 13.0±0.0 a | |
| 780 | 18.7±0.3 ab | 19.7±0.3 ab | 17.3±0.9 ab | 19.3±0.9 ab | 13.0±0.0 ab | 14.3±0.9 abc | 15.0±0.6 abc | 15.0±0.6 ab | |
|
| |||||||||
| CqEp | 195 | 13.0±0.6 ad | 15.0±0.9 ad | 11.0±0.6 acd | 15.3±0.3 ad | 10.7±0.3 ad | 11.0±0.6 ad | 8.7±0.3 acd | 10.7±0.3 acd |
| 390 | 16.3±0.7 a | 18.0±0.6 a | 15.3±0.9 ab | 18.3±0.3 a | 13.3±0.9 a | 14.3±0.3 a | 12.0±0.6 ab | 14.3±0.3 ab d | |
| 780 | 19.3±2.0 ab | 20.7±0.3 ab | 18.0±0.0 ab | 21.3±0.9 ab | 16.3±0.3 ab | 17.0±0.6 ab | 14.3±0.3 ab | 18.0±0.0 abc | |
|
| |||||||||
| EhEp | 195 | 15.0±0.3 ad | 18.0±0.6 ad | 13.7±0.3 ad | 13.3±0.3 acd | 7.7±0.3 ad | 8.7±0.3 ad | 8.0±0.6 ad | 8.3±0.3 ad |
| 390 | 18.7±0.3 a | 21.7±0.9 a | 16.3±0.3 a | 17.3±0.9 ab | 10.3±0.3 ad | 12.0±0.6 a | 10.3±0.3 a | 10.7±0.3 a | |
| 780 | 21.3±0.9 ab | 23.3±0.3 ab | 19.0±0.6 ab | 20.3±0.3 ab | 13.7±0.3 abc | 14.0±0.0 ab | 13.0±0.6 ab | 13.3±1.3 ab | |
|
| |||||||||
| CqEhEp | 195 | 15.3±0.3 ad | 16.7±0.9 ad | 14.7±0.3 ad | 15.3±0.3 ad | 9.0±0.6 ad | 9.0±0.0 ad | 11.3±0.7 acd | 12.0±0.6 acd |
| 390 | 18.7±0.9 a | 20.3±0.3 ad | 17.7±0.3 a | 18.0±0.6 ad | 11.3±0.3 a | 11.7±0.7 a | 14.3±0.3 abd | 15.7±0.3 ab | |
| 780 | 22.3±0.7 b | 24.7±0.9 bc | 21.0±0.0b | 22.7±0.3 abc | 13.7±0.3 ab | 14.7±0.3 ab | 17.3±0.3 abc | 18.7±0.7 ab | |
|
| |||||||||
| Gentamicin | 0.025 | 26.0±0.6 | 28.7±0.6 | 23.3±0.7 | 26.3±0.3 | 21.7±0.6 | 24.3±0.9 | 22.7±0.9 | 25.3±0.3 |
The values are mean ± SEM (n=3); significant at P<0.05; a compared to gentamicin, b compared to 195mg/ml, c compared to 390mg/ml, and d compared to 780mg/ml; the negative control has shown no antibacterial activity. Sta.: standard (ATCC) strains; Cli.: clinically isolated strains; - - -: no activity; CqEh: C. quadrangularis and E. heterophylla; CqEp: C.quadrangularis and E. prostrata; EhEp: E. heterophylla and E. prostrata; and CqEhEp = C. quadrangularis, E. heterophylla, and E. prostrata