Figure 3. Proposed decision model for immediate radical cystectomy in patients with “very high-risk” non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) 11, 125– 129.
AUA, American Urological Association; BCG, bacillus Calmette-Guérin; CIS, carcinoma in situ; LVI, lymphovascular invasion; TURBT, transurethral resection of bladder tumor.