Table 5.
Univariate and multivariate cox regression analysis for the risk for mortality after discharge from index hospitalization
| All-cause mortality | MDRGNB infection-associated mortality | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Univariate analysis | Multivariate analysis | Univariate analysis | Multivariate analysis | |||||||||
| HR | (95% CI) | p-value | HR | (95% CI) | p-value | HR | (95% CI) | p-value | HR | (95% CI) | p-value | |
| Age (per year increase) | 1.02 | (1.01–1.03) | 0.001 | 1.02 | (1.01–1.03) | 0.006 | 1.04 | (1.02–1.06) | < 0.001 | 1.03 | (1.01–1.05) | 0.008 |
| Male sex | 1.34 | (0.96–1.88) | 0.09 | – | – | – | 1.24 | (0.71–2.16) | 0.45 | – | – | – |
| LTCF residence | 1.33 | (0.65–2.71) | 0.43 | – | – | – | 2.37 | (0.94–5.95) | 0.07 | – | – | – |
| Long-term hemodialysis | 1.10 | (0.45–2.68) | 0.84 | – | – | – | 1.86 | (0.58–5.96) | 0.30 | – | – | – |
| Diabetes mellitus | 0.89 | (0.62–1.29) | 0.89 | – | – | – | 0.93 | (0.51–1.72) | 0.82 | – | – | – |
| Malignancy | 6.28 | (4.52–8.73) | < 0.001 | 5.30 | (3.73–7.53) | < 0.001 | 2.32 | (1.32–4.07) | 0.004 | 2.34 | (1.28–4.26) | 0.006 |
| End-stage renal disease | 0.82 | (0.34–2.00) | 0.82 | – | – | – | 1.40 | (0.44–4.48) | 0.57 | – | – | – |
| Liver cirrhosis | 1.65 | (1.04–2.61) | 0.034 | – | – | – | 0.81 | (0.29–2.23) | 0.68 | – | – | – |
| Congestive heart failure | 1.25 | (0.74–2.10) | 0.41 | – | – | – | 2.38 | (1.20–4.73) | 0.014 | – | – | – |
| COPD | 1.40 | (0.88–2.25) | 0.16 | – | – | – | 2.62 | (1.38–4.99) | 0.003 | – | – | – |
| Cerebrovascular accident | 0.90 | (0.57–1.43) | 0.65 | – | – | – | 1.76 | (0.94–3.28) | 0.08 | – | – | – |
| High CCI (≥5) | 3.33 | (2.41–4.60) | < 0.001 | 1.80 | (1.27–2.55) | < 0.001 | 3.56 | (2.08–6.12) | < 0.001 | 1.96 | (1.10–3.49) | 0.022 |
| Presence of pressure sore | 1.98 | (1.13–3.41) | 0.016 | – | – | – | 1.93 | (0.77–4.85) | 0.16 | – | – | – |
| Central vascular cathetera,b | 4.07 | (2.66–6.22) | < 0.001 | – | – | – | 2.80 | (1.26–6.21) | 0.012 | – | – | – |
| Long-term urinary catheterb | 0.35 | (0.13–0.94) | 0.037 | 0.29 | (0.11–0.80) | 0.017 | 0.49 | (0.12–2.02) | 0.33 | – | – | – |
| Antibiotics exposurec | 1.70 | (1.14–2.56) | 0.010 | – | – | – | 3.96 | (1.58–9.95) | 0.003 | – | – | – |
| MDRGNB culture positivec,d | 2.40 | (1.66–3.46) | < 0.001 | 2.42 | (1.67–3.50) | < 0.001 | 5.91 | (3.44–10.14) | < 0.001 | 4.88 | (2.79–8.52) | < 0.001 |
Abbreviations: MDRGNB multidrug-resistant gram-negative bacteria, LTCF long-term care facility, COPD chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, CCI Charlson comorbidity index
aIncluding port-A catheter, Hickman catheter, permcath catheter, double-lumen catheter, and peripherally inserted central catheter
bAt the time of index hospitalization discharge
cDuring index hospitalization
dIncluding positive MDRGNB culture from either surveillance or clinical culture of any anatomical site