Table 2.
Associations of variables with HIV RNA load among ART-naïve study participants in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| Variables | Log HIV RNA load (Mean ± SD) | Univariate, β (95% CI) | Multivariate, β (95% CI) |
| Gender | |||
| Male | 4.49 ± 0.76a | Ref. | Ref. |
| Female | 4.11 ± 0.84 | −0.38 (− 0.54, − 0.23)a | − 0.24 (− 0.40, − 0.07)b |
| CD4+ T cell count and/or stages III/IV | |||
| ≥ 500 and/or not stages III/IV | 3.73 ± 0.82a | Ref. | Ref. |
| < 500 and/or stages III/IV | 4.36 ± 0.79 | 0.63 (0.46, 0.80)a | 0.56 (0.38, 0.73)a |
| Hemoglobin conc. (g/dL) | |||
| Non-anemic | 4.18 ± 0.81c | Ref. | Ref. |
| Anemic | 4.68 ± 0.79 | 0.50 (0.27, 0.73)a | 0.41 (0.18, 0.64)b |
| Total cholesterol conc. (mg/dL) | |||
| ≥ 200 | 3.85 ± 0.78 | Ref. | Ref. |
| < 200 | 4.31 ± 0.82c | −0.46 (−0.67, − 0.25)a | − 0.25 (− 0.45, − 0.04)c |
| Variables | ≥10,000, AOR (95% CI) | ≥40,000, AOR (95% CI) | ≥100,000, AOR (95% CI) |
| Gender | |||
| Male | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Female | 0.51(0.33–0.79) | 0.52(0.34–0.79) | 0.64(0.41–1.08)* |
| CD4+ T cell count and/or stages III/IV | |||
| ≥ 500 and/or not stages III/IV | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| < 500 and/or stages III/IV | 4.44(2.86–6.90) | 5.29(2.90–9.64) | 5.36(2.26–12.70) |
| Hemoglobin conc. (g/dL) | |||
| Non-anemic | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Anemic | 2.85(1.44–5.66) | 2.72(1.52–4.85) | 2.46(1.34–4.51) |
| Total cholesterol conc. (mg/dL) | |||
| ≥ 200 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| < 200 | 2.22(1.32–3.74) | 2.65(1.36–5.17) | 2.35(0.97–5.69)* |
ANOVA analysis of variance, SD standard deviation, and CI confidence interval; β = represents coefficients of univariate and multivariate linear regression; AOR = Adjusted odds ratio; a, b, c refers p value < 0.001, < 0.01 and < 0.05, respectively; and * = p not statistically significant