Table 1.
Features | (1) | (2) | (3) | (4) | Total | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Family | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | ||||||||||||||||||
Patient | 1 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 2 | |
Mutation | a | b, c | d | e | f | g | h, i | d | d | j | k | a | l | m | n | ||||||||||||||||||
Sex | M | M | F | F | F | M | M | M | F | F | F | F | F | F | F | F | M | M | M | M | M | F | M | F | F | M | M | M | M | F | |||
Foetal diseases | FH | g | g | FH | FH | FHg | FH,g | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Age at diagnosis | 4 y | 7 m | 10 m | 2 y | 1 y | 19 y | 3 y | 2 y | 1 m | 3 m | 1 m | 1 m | 2 m | 18 y | 8 m | 1 y | 1 y | 1 y | 6 m | 10 m | 4 m | 9 y | 6 w | 2 d | 1 w | 4 m | 5 m | ||||||
Age at renal transplant (years) | 5 | 5/12& | 8 | 5 | ? | 5& | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Age of death | 8 y | 2.9 y | 5 m | 2 m | 6 m | 1 m | 3 m | 7 w | 3 m | 1 y | 3 y | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Nephrotic syndrome | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | − | − | − | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | 25/28 | ||||
Adrenal deficiency | − | +f | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | f | f | + | − | + | + | + | + | + | + f | + f | + | f | f | + f | + | + | 24/26 | ||||||
Skin abnormalitiesa | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | − | 17/18 | ||||||||||||||
Neurologic defectsb | + | − | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | − | − | − | − | + | + | + | − | − | − | 11/19 | |||||||||||||
Immunodeficiencyc | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | − | − | 10/12 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Hypothyroidism | + | + | + | − | + | + | + | + | − | − | 7/10 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Genital abnormalitesd | + | + | + | + | − | − | 4/6 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Skeletal abnormalitiese | + | + | + | − | − | 3/5 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Muscular hypotonia | + | + | − | − | 2/4 |
Mutations: a, p.Ser3Lysfs*11; b, p.Ile88Thrfs*25; c, p.Arg278Glyfs*1; d, p.Arg222Gln; e, p.Arg222Trp; f, p.Ser346Ile; g, p.Tyr416Cys; h, p.Ser202Leu; i, p.Ala316Thr; j, p.Phe545del; k, p.Ser65Argfs*6; l, p.Arg505*; m, p.Leu312Phefs*30; n, p.Arg340Trp.
M, male; F, female; FH, fetal hydrops; m, months; y, years; w, weeks; d, days; ?, patient had renal transplantation, but the age at which it was performed was not specified; &, performed a retransplant.
+, present; −, absent; blank, not reported.
Skin abnormalities include ichthyosis, acanthosis, hyperpigmentation, scaly lesions and calcinosis cutis.
Neurologic defects include developmental delay, ptosis, strabismus, abnormal gait, ataxia, sensorineural deafness, seizures, microcephaly, corpus callosum hypoplasia, peripheral neuropathy, contrast enhancement of cerebellar structures and bilateral globus pallidus, medial thalamic nucleus and central pons.
Immunodeficienies include lymphopenia, deficiency of cellular immunity, multiple bacterial infection, hypogammaglobulinemia, thrombocytopenia and anemia.
Genital abnormalities include cryptorchidism and hypogonadism.
Skeletal abnormalities include craniotabes, rachitic rosary, asymmetric skull, scoliosis and short stature.
Adrenal calcifications.
Fetal demise.