Table 2.

Odds of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis According to Cumulative Exposure to Diesel Exhaust Among Males (n = 93,509), Denmark, 1982–2013

Lag and Exposure Level	Controls (n = 92,523)		Cases (n = 986)		ORa	95% CI	aORb	95% CI
	No.	%	No.	%
No lag
No exposure	45,712	49.41	480	48.68	1.00	Referent	1.00	Referent
Ever exposure, mg/m3 c	46,811	50.59	506	51.32	1.09	0.96, 1.24	1.13	0.99, 1.29
<11.55	9,331	10.09	106	10.75	1.08	0.88, 1.34	1.08	0.87, 1.33
11.55–45.62	9,293	10.04	94	9.53	0.97	0.77, 1.21	0.98	0.78, 1.22
45.63–135.40	10,263	11.09	107	10.85	1.00	0.81, 1.23	1.02	0.82, 1.26
≥135.41	17,924	19.37	199	20.18	1.06	0.90, 1.26	1.10	0.93, 1.30
Test for trendd					1.01	0.98, 1.04	1.02	0.99, 1.05
5-year lag
No exposure	50,177	54.23	515	52.23	1.00	Referent	1.00	Referent
Ever exposure, mg/m3	42,346	45.77	471	47.77	1.10	0.97, 1.25	1.14	0.99, 1.30
<11.55	10,259	11.09	123	12.47	1.17	0.97, 1.44	1.15	0.93, 1.42
11.55–45.62	10,369	11.21	106	10.75	1.00	0.81, 1.24	1.04	0.83, 1.30
45.63–135.40	10,531	11.38	120	12.17	1.12	0.92, 1.37	1.17	0.94, 1.43
≥135.41	11,187	12.09	122	12.37	1.07	0.88, 1.31	1.16	0.95, 1.43
Test for trend					1.02	0.97, 1.07	1.03	0.98, 1.09
10-year lag
No exposure	52,569	56.82	525	53.25	1.00	Referent	1.00	Referent
Ever exposure, mg/m3	39,954	43.18	461	46.75	1.17	1.03, 1.33	1.20	1.05, 1.38
<11.55	9,989	10.80	121	12.27	1.23	1.01, 1.50	1.23	1.03, 1.50
11.55–45.62	9,990	10.80	109	11.05	1.11	0.90, 1.36	1.12	0.91, 1.39
45.63–135.40	9,987	10.79	115	11.66	1.17	0.95, 1.43	1.20	0.97, 1.47
≥135.41	9,988	10.80	116	11.76	1.18	0.96, 1.44	1.22	0.99, 1.50
Test for trend					1.03	0.99, 1.09	1.08	0.99, 1.19

Abbreviations: aOR, adjusted odds ratio; CI, confidence interval; OR, odds ratio.

^a Controls were individually matched to cases on age and sex.

^b Models adjusted for socioeconomic status and residential location.

^c Cumulative exposure = [(level of exposure) × (probability of exposure)/100] × number of days employed.

^d Tests for trend were conducted per 100-mg/m³ increment of diesel exhaust exposure.