Table 3.

Odds of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis According to Cumulative Exposure to Diesel Exhaust Among Females (n = 60,105), Denmark, 1982–2013

Lag and Exposure Level	Controls (n = 59,452)		Cases (n = 653)		ORa	95% CI	aORb	95% CI
	No.	%	No.	%
No lag
No exposure	49,728	83.64	561	85.91	1.00	Referent	1.00	Referent
Ever exposure, mg/m3 c	9,724	16.36	92	14.09	0.85	0.68, 1.06	0.82	0.65, 1.03
<4.58	2,111	3.55	19	2.91	0.80	0.51, 1.27	0.78	0.48, 1.27
4.58–17.51	2,152	3.62	14	2.14	0.58	0.34, 0.99	0.55	0.30, 0.96
17.52–64.57	2,322	3.91	26	3.98	1.00	0.67, 1.48	0.95	0.63, 1.45
≥64.58	3,139	5.28	33	5.05	0.94	0.66, 1.34	0.93	0.64, 1.34
Test for trendd					0.99	0.90, 1.10	1.00	0.90, 1.10
5-year lag
No exposure	51,009	85.80	570	87.29	1.00	Referent	1.00	Referent
Ever exposure, mg/m3	8,443	14.20	83	12.71	0.89	0.71, 1.12	0.84	0.66, 1.08
<4.58	2,074	3.49	18	2.76	0.79	0.49, 1.26	0.76	0.46, 1.25
4.58–17.51	2,129	3.58	16	2.45	0.68	0.41, 1.12	0.58	0.34, 1.01
17.52–64.57	2,097	3.53	25	3.83	1.08	0.72, 1.61	1.06	0.70, 1.61
≥64.58	2,143	3.60	24	3.68	1.01	0.67, 1.51	0.98	0.64, 1.49
Test for trend					1.08	0.95, 1.24	1.09	0.95, 1.24
10-year lag
No exposure	51,716	86.99	578	88.51	1.00	Referent	1.00	Referent
Ever exposure, mg/m3	7,736	13.01	75	11.49	0.88	0.69, 1. 12	0.84	0.65, 1.08
<4.58	1,929	3.24	18	2.76	0.85	0.53, 1.3	0.80	0.49, 1.32
4.58–17.51	1,939	3.26	13	1.99	0.61	0.35, 1.05	0.54	0.30, 0.98
17.52–64.57	1,934	3.25	24	3.68	1.12	0.74, 1.69	1.08	0.71, 1.67
≥64.58	1,934	3.25	20	3.06	0.94	0.60, 1.47	0.92	0.58, 1.47
Test for trend					1.08	0.93, 1.24	1.08	0.93, 1.24

Abbreviations: aOR, adjusted odds ratio; CI, confidence interval; OR, odds ratio.

^a Controls were individually matched to cases on age and sex.

^b Models adjusted for socioeconomic status and residential location.

^c Cumulative exposure = [(level of exposure) × (probability of exposure)/100] × number of days employed.

^d Tests for trend were conducted per 100-mg/m³ increment of diesel exhaust exposure.