Table 4.

Odds of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis According to Intensity of Cumulative Diesel Exhaust Exposure Among Males (n = 93,509), Denmark, 1982–2013

Lag and Exposure Level	Controls (n = 92,523)		Cases (n = 986)		ORa	95% CI	aORb	95% CI
	No.	%	No.	%
No lag
No exposure	66,109	71.45	690	69.98	1.00	Referent		Referent
Ever exposure, mg/m3 c	26,414	28.55	296	30.02	1.08	0.94, 1.24	1.10	0.95, 1.26
<11.55	5,642	6.10	70	7.10	1.19	0.93, 1.53	1.19	0.93, 1.52
11.55–42.30	5,514	5.96	51	5.17	0.89	0.67, 1.18	0.90	0.68, 1.20
42.31–141.60	5,728	6.19	58	5.88	0.97	0.74, 1.27	1.00	0.76, 1.31
≥141.61	9,530	10.30	117	11.87	1.18	0.97, 1.44	1.22	1.00, 1.50
Test for trendd					1.01	0.99, 1.03	1.01	0.99, 1.04
5-year lag
No exposure	69,023	74.60	714	72.41	1.00	Referent	1.00	Referent
Ever exposure, mg/m3	23,500	26.68	272	27.59	1.13	0.98, 1.30	1.16	1.01, 1.35
<11.55	5,747	6.21	72	7.30	1.22	0.96, 1.56	1.22	0.95, 1.60
11.55–42.30	5,715	6.18	54	5.48	0.92	0.70, 1.21	0.94	0.71, 1.24
42.31–141.60	5,833	6.30	63	6.39	1.05	0.81, 1.36	1.08	0.83, 1.40
≥141.61	6,205	6.71	83	8.42	1.30	1.03, 1.64	1.35	1.07, 1.70
Test for trend					1.04	1.00, 1.09	1.05	1.01, 1.10
10-year lag
No exposure	70,580	76.28	725	73.53	1.00	Referent	1.00	Referent
Ever exposure, mg/m3	21,943	23.72	261	26.47	1.17	1.01, 1.35	1.19	1.03, 1.38
<11.55	5,491	5.93	68	6.90	1.22	0.95, 1.56	1.22	0.95, 1.56
11.55–42.30	5,481	5.92	53	5.38	0.95	0.72, 1.26	0.97	0.73, 1.28
42.31–141.60	5,484	5.93	64	6.49	1.15	0.89, 1.48	1.18	0.91, 1.53
≥141.61	5,487	5.93	76	7.71	1.36	1.07, 1.73	1.41	1.11, 1.79
Test for trend					1.04	1.00, 1.09	1.05	1.00, 1.09

Abbreviations: aOR, adjusted odds ratio; CI, confidence interval; OR, odds ratio.

^a Controls were individually matched to cases on age and sex.

^b Models adjusted for socioeconomic status and residential location.

^c Cumulative exposure intensity = level of exposure × number of days employed in jobs with a >50% probability of exposure.

^d Tests for trend were conducted per 100-mg/m³ increment of diesel exhaust exposure.