Table 5.

Odds of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis According to Intensity of Cumulative Diesel Exhaust Exposure Among Females (n = 60,105), Denmark, 1982–2013

Lag and Exposure Level	Controls (n = 59,452)		Cases (n = 653)		ORa	95% CI	aORb	95% CI
	No.	%	No.	%
No lag
No exposure	55,882	94.00	613	93.87	1.00	Referent	1.00	Referent
Ever exposure, mg/m3 c	3,570	6.00	40	6.13	1.03	0.75, 1.42	1.04	0.75, 1.43
<8.36	764	1.29	6	0.92	0.72	0.32, 1.61	0.67	0.28, 1.61
8.36–29.81	754	1.27	10	1.53	1.22	0.65, 2.29	1.31	0.70, 2.46
29.82–100.42	818	1.38	6	0.92	0.68	0.30, 1.51	0.61	0.25, 1.47
≥100.43	1,234	2.08	18	2.76	1.34	0.84, 2.15	1.41	0.88, 2.26
Test for trendd					1.01	0.94, 1.08	1.01	0.94, 1.08
5-year lag
No exposure	56,457	94.96	621	95.10	1.00	Referent	1.00	Referent
Ever exposure, mg/m3	2,995	5.04	32	4.90	0.98	0.69, 1.40	0.99	0.69, 1.42
<8.36	742	1.25	5	0.77	0.62	0.26, 1.50	0.63	0.26, 1.51
8.36–29.81	748	1.26	8	1.23	0.98	0.49, 1.98	0.99	0.49, 2.00
29.82–100.42	744	1.25	8	1.23	0.99	0.49, 1.99	1.00	0.50, 2.01
≥100.43	761	1.28	11	1.68	1.33	0.73, 1.99	1.33	0.73, 2.43
Test for trend					1.10	0.97, 1.25	1.10	0.97, 1.25
10-year lag
No exposure	56,707	95.38	623	95.41	1.00	Referent	1.00	Referent
Ever exposure, mg/m3	2,745	4.62	30	4.59	1.00	0.70, 1.45	1.01	0.70, 1.47
<8.36	687	1.16	5	0.77	0.67	0.28, 1.62	0.63	0.26, 1.51
8.36–29.81	683	1.15	8	1.23	1.08	0.53, 2.17	0.99	0.49, 2.00
29.82–100.42	689	1.16	8	1.23	1.07	0.53, 2.15	1.08	0.53, 2.18
≥100.43	686	1.15	9	1.38	1.20	0.63, 2.33	1.20	0.62, 2.35
Test for trend					1.10	0.96, 1.27	1.10	0.96, 1.27

Abbreviations: aOR, adjusted odds ratio; CI, confidence interval; OR, odds ratio.

^a Controls were individually matched to cases on age and sex.

^b Models adjusted for socioeconomic status and residential location.

^c Cumulative exposure intensity = level of exposure × number of days employed in jobs with a >50% probability of exposure.

^d Tests for trend were conducted per 100-mg/m³ increment of diesel exhaust exposure.