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Change in gut microbiota diversity in 199 children during chemotherapy for acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Fecal samples were obtained at 4 time points (baseline, n = 112; postinduction, n = 97; postconsolidation, n = 107; and postreinduction, n = 90). A mixed-effects linear model was used to examine the change in Shannon indices over time. Patients were included as a random effect. **P < .01; ***P < .001. Abbreviation: NS, not significant.
