Fig. 3.
Root hydraulic traits among species and root orders. Traits include root-specific hydraulic conductance, Lx (A); wall thickness of conduits, t (B); number of conduits, nv (C); and hydraulic weighted mean conduit (lumen) diameter, d (D) given separately for first-, second-, third-, fourth- and fifth-order roots among species with low (Intolerant), moderate (Moderate) and high (Tolerant) shade tolerance in Sapindaceae, Betulaceae, Fagaceae and Pinaceae. Species are given in Table 1. Mean square error = 8.E-09 for Lx; 0.48 for t; 41.78 for nv; and 7.54 for d.