Figure 1.

Simulation results illustrating the bias (A), standard error (B), and mean squared error (C) under the proposed approach to estimate the risk difference in a cohort of 3,000 patients when true sensitivity = specificity = 0.75 under various presumed values of (equal) sensitivity and specificity in 1,000 simulation experiments. Dashed lines refer to the value one would see under a standard analysis (assuming perfect sensitivity and specificity) and dotted lines refer to the value one would see under an analysis that correctly assumed sensitivity and specificity to be 0.75.