Table 3.
Comparison of Early Versus Late Infections After Chimeric antigen receptor T-cell infusion
| Earlya (Day 0–30) (n = 53) | Late (Day 31–180) (n = 32)b | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Infections, No. | Patients, No. (%) | Infections, No. | Patients, No. (%) | |
| Any infection | 26 | 22 (42)c | 15 | 10 (31)d |
| Bacterial | ||||
| Bloodstreame | 8 | 7 (13) | 1 | 1 (3) |
| Bacterial sitef | 9 | 9 (17) | 4 | 4 (13) |
| Fungal | ||||
| Yeastg | 1 | 1 (2) | 0 | 0 (0) |
| Moldh | 3 | 3 (6) | 1 | 1 (3) |
| Viral | ||||
| Respiratory virusi | 3 | 3 (6) | 8 | 8 (25) |
| Other virusj | 2 | 2 (4) | 1 | 1 (3) |
aDay 0 was the day of Chimeric antigen receptor T-cell infusion (CTI).
bPatients with complete remission after CTI.
cTwo patients had >1 infection.
dThree patients had >1 infection.
eEarly bloodstream infections included 3 vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium (VRE) and 2 extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli infections and 1 each of the following infections: Gordonia sputi, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia. The single late bloodstream infection was VRE.
fEarly bacterial infections included 4 cases of Clostridium difficile diarrhea, 2 cases of ventilator-associated pneumonia (1 K. pneumoniae, 1 multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa), and 1 case each of acute cholecystitis, pyelonephritis (carbapenemase-producing K. pneumoniae), and chest wall abscess. The late bacterial infections included 1 case each of C. difficile diarrhea, hospital-acquired pneumonia (carbapenemase-producing K. pneumoniae), cystitis (multidrug-resistant P. aeruginosa), and cellulitis.
gThe single yeast infection (early) was Saccharomyces cerevisiae fungemia.
hEarly mold infections included 2 cases of probable pulmonary aspergillosis (1 Aspergillus fumigatus and 1 patient with elevated serum and bronchoalveolar galactomannan levels but no recovered organism) and 1 case of proven pulmonary mucormycosis. The single late mold infection was probable pulmonary aspergillosis (patient had elevated serum galactomannan levels but no recovered organism).
iEarly respiratory virus infections included 2 parainfluenza virus and 1 rhinovirus/enterovirus infection. Late respiratory virus infections included 1 coronavirus, 2 influenza A, 4 rhinovirus/enterovirus, and 1 unknown infection.
jEarly infections with nonrespiratory viruses included 1 herpes simplex virus (orolabial) and 1 varicella zoster virus (shingles) infection. The single late infection was BK virus (hematuria).