Table 1.

List of the 12 populations of Dactylis glomerata

Population	Origin	Country	Latitude	Longitude	Temperature (°C)			Rainfall mean (mm)			Aridity index
					Annual mean	Min of the coldest month	Max of the warmest month	Annual	Wettest quarter	Driest quarter
Maroc 1(ma1)	Mediterranean	Morocco	33.10	–8.08	18.0	7.0	30.2	346	7	4	0.27
Maroc 9 (ma9)	Mediterranean	Morocco	29.71	–8.96	16.2	1.9	31.1	246	13	5	0.17
Kasbah (kas)	Mediterranean	Morocco	32.35	–6.16	11.7	3.9	39.6	270	215	17	0.31
Sicily (sic)	Mediterranean	Italy	37.48	14.50	15.4	4.0	27.6	572	237	40	0.47
Carnac (car)	Temperate	France	47.58	–3.07	11.7	3.5	21.6	893	179	153	0.86
Fourchette (fou)	Temperate	France	48.17	–2.75	10.8	2.3	20.8	857	174	153	0.74
St Michel (stm)	Temperate	France	48.63	–1.51	11.5	2.6	22.3	731	169	149	0.78
Ludac (lud)	Temperate	France	46.58	0.33	11.5	9	25.0	724	152	152	0.90
Danemark (dan)	Northern	Denmark	56.46	8.66	7.8	-3.2	19.4	809	201	134	1.48
Sweden (swe)	Northern	Sweden	60.50	24.22	4.8	-9.8	21.4	613	199	93	1.10
Loke (lok)	Northern	Sweden	62.98	14.80	2.6	-12.6	18.9	563	213	87	1.14
Tammisto (tam)	Northern	Finland	60.23	23.75	4.9	-9.3	21.3	609	196	92	1.08

Climatic data associated either with their origin sites of collection or sites of breeding (for cultivars in Temperate and Northern areas) from the WorldClim data set (http://www.worldclim.org; Hijmans et al., 2005). Seeds from Northern populations were provided by the Nordic Genetic Resource Center (NordGen). Temperate populations were provided by the plant genetic resources information system of the National Institute for Agronomical Research (INRA, Lusignan, France). The Sicilian ecotype came from University of Catania, Italy. The Moroccan ecotypes came from INRA Rabat, Morocco.