. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2018 Aug 1.

Published in final edited form as: Biling (Camb Engl). 2016 Oct 26;21(1):181–194. doi: 10.1017/S1366728916001097

Table 1. Language background characteristics for participants (n=43) based on parent report.

Characteristic	Mean (SD)
Age of First English Word Combinations (months) ^a	29.36 (14.18)
Age of First Spanish Word Combinations (months) ^a	18.83 (7.58)
Current English Exposure (% waking hrs / week)	58% (17.66)
Current Spanish Exposure (% waking hrs / week)	42% (17.66)
Language of Instruction at School ^b	Eng-only: 58% / Eng+Span: 42%
Language Currently Spoken by Child in Home ^b	Eng: 23% / Span: 61% / Both: 16%
Nonverbal Intelligence (KBIT-2, Matrices)	101.91 (13.01) [Range: 82–136]
English Expressive Vocabulary ^c	90.84 (16.24) [Range: 48–118]
Spanish Expressive Vocabulary ^d	79.26 (19.56) [Range: 34–118]
Dominant Language ^{b, e}	Eng: 58% / Span: 42%

^a Acquisition was indexed by the age in months at which the child began producing two-word phrases in each language, according to parent report.

^b Percentages reflect the percent of the sample in each category.

^c Woodcock-Johnson III, Picture Vocabulary

^d Batería III Woodcock-Muñoz, Vocabulario sobre dibujos

^e Dominant Language was determined by relative performance on the English and Spanish expressive vocabulary measures.