Table 2. Adjusted HRs for acute pancreatitis by smoking status and alcohol consumption among men1.
| Variable |
Number of events |
Rate per 100,000 PYs |
HR (95% CI) | p-Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Smoking category | ||||
| Never smokers | 49 | 18.4 | 1.00 (0.75–1.33) | – |
| Occasional smokers | 40 | 18.9 | 1.26 (0.93–1.73) | 0.28 |
| Former regular smokers2 | 30 | 24.3 | 1.34 (0.93–1.92) | 0.21 |
| Current regular smokers | 302 | 24.1 | 1.45 (1.28–1.64) | 0.02 |
| Cigarette equivalents/day | ||||
| Never smokers | 49 | 18.7 | 1.00 (0.75–1.34) | – |
| <20 cigarettes/day | 106 | 20.4 | 1.27 (1.06–1.52) | 0.16 |
| 20–24 cigarettes/day | 112 | 22.7 | 1.39 (1.16–1.67) | 0.06 |
| ≥25 cigarettes/day | 84 | 35.0 | 1.97 (1.59–2.44) | <0.001 |
| p-Value for trend3 | <0.001 | |||
| Drinking category | ||||
| Abstainers | 84 | 22.8 | 1.00 (0.80–1.26) | – |
| Occasional | 136 | 19.2 | 1.01 (0.85–1.20) | 0.95 |
| Reduced intake | 30 | 33.3 | 1.40 (0.98–2.01) | 0.12 |
| Ex-weekly | 19 | 29.4 | 1.05 (0.67–1.67) | 0.84 |
| Weekly | 152 | 24.2 | 1.00 (0.85–1.19) | 0.98 |
| Weekly intake (g) | ||||
| Abstainers | 84 | 23.0 | 1.00 (0.77–1.30) | – |
| <140 | 57 | 25.2 | 1.02 (0.78–1.34) | 0.92 |
| 140 to <420 | 51 | 17.5 | 0.73 (0.55–0.96) | 0.11 |
| ≥420 | 44 | 37.6 | 1.52 (1.11–2.09) | 0.04 |
| p-Value for trend3 | 0.38 | |||
| Heavy drinking episodes4 | ||||
| No | 81 | 20.6 | Reference | |
| Yes | 71 | 30.3 | 1.50 (1.06–2.11) | 0.02 |
1Model was stratified by region and adjusted for age at baseline, education, smoking, alcohol, and medication (aspirin, ACE-I, beta blockers, statins, diuretics, Ca++ antagonists, metformin, and insulin), where appropriate. Time since birth was used as the underlying time scale with delayed entry at age at baseline.
2The adjusted HRs were 1.43 (0.68–3.01) and 1.13 (0.86–1.49) for former regular smokers who had stopped due to illness and other reasons, compared with never smokers.
3p-Value was calculated among current regular smokers using a continuous variable for cigarettes per day and among weekly drinkers using a continuous variable for weekly alcohol intake.
4Heavy drinking episodes were defined as the consumption of ≥60 g of alcohol on one occasion for men on a weekly basis, among weekly drinkers. The reference group were weekly drinkers who did not report heavy drinking episodes.
Abbreviations: ACE-I, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor; HR, hazard ratio; PY, person-year.