Table 3. Adjusted HRs for acute pancreatitis by metabolic risk factors1.
| Metabolic risk factors | Number of events | Rates per 100,000 PYs |
HR (95% CI)2 | p-Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Individual factors | ||||
| Obesity | 367 | 32.6 | 1.67 (1.46–1.91) | <0.001 |
| Diabetes | 86 | 33.4 | 1.22 (0.97–1.54) | 0.08 |
| Physical inactivity | 575 | 25.3 | 1.14 (0.97–1.34) | 0.11 |
| Gallbladder disease | 157 | 56.8 | 2.35 (1.98–2.80) | <0.001 |
| Number of factors | ||||
| 0 | 474 | 17.2 | 1.00 (0.90–1.11) | – |
| 1 | 406 | 22.9 | 1.61 (1.47–1.76) | <0.001 |
| 2 | 160 | 33.6 | 2.36 (2.01–2.78) | <0.001 |
| ≥3 | 39 | 52.0 | 3.41 (2.46–4.72) | <0.001 |
| p-Value for trend3 | <0.001 | |||
1Obesity was defined as having BMI ≥30 kg/m2 or WC ≥100 cm; physical inactivity was defined as <17.5 MET-h/day (median of total physical activity in all participants).
2Model was stratified by sex and region and adjusted for age at baseline, education, smoking, alcohol, medication (aspirin, ACE-I, beta blockers, statins, diuretics, Ca++ antagonists, metformin, and insulin), and the 3 other metabolic risk factors. Time since birth was used as the underlying time scale with delayed entry at age at baseline.
3p-Value was calculated treating the number of metabolic factors as a numeric variable.
Abbreviations: ACE-I, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor; BMI, body mass index; HR, hazard ratio; MET-h/day, metabolic equivalent of task hours per day; PY, person-year; WC, waist circumference.