Table 2. Results of the included case-control studies on the association between toxocariasis and epilepsy.
| References | PWE (n) | PWOE (n) | Seropositivity in PWE (n) | Seropositivity in PWOE (n) | Seropositivity in PWE (%) | Seropositivity in PWOE (%) | A priori statistical power (%)* | A posteriori statistical power (%) | OR (95% CI) | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Glickman et al., J Pediatr 1979 [29] | 84 | 108 | 19 | 11 | 22.6 | 10.2 | 33.6 | 65.3 | 2.58 (1.15–5.77) | 0.018 |
| Arpino et al., Epilepsia 1990 [30] | 91 | 214 | 20 | 26 | 21.9 | 12.1 | 40.1 | 59.3 | 2.04 (1.07–3.88) | 0.028 |
| Nicoletti et al., Neurology 2002 [23] | 113 | 233 | 28 | 28 | 24.8 | 12.0 | 47.6 | 85.0 | 2.41 (1.35–4.31) | 0.002 |
| Akyol et al., Seizure 2007 [39] | 100 | 50 | 12 | 4 | 12.0 | 8.0 | 32.8 | 11.3 | 1.57 (0.48–5.14) | 0.454 |
| Nicoletti et al., Epilepsia 2007 [24] | 191 | 191 | 114 | 97 | 59.7 | 50.8 | 90.9 | 41.0 | 1.43 (0.96–2.15) | 0.080 |
| Nicoletti et al., Epilepsia 2008 [25] | 231 | 201 | 38 | 13 | 16.4 | 6.5 | 55.8 | 89.6 | 2.85 (1.47–5.51) | 0.001 |
| Winkler et al., Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 2008 [26] | 40 | 20 | 19 | 8 | 47.5 | 40.0 | 33.5 | 8.0 | 1.36 (0.46–4.03) | 0.582 |
| Singh et al., Epilepsia 2012 [27] | 106 | 106 | 5 | 6 | 4.7 | 5.7 | 27.0 | 4.9 | 0.83 (0.24–2.79) | 0.757 |
| El-Tantawy et al., Ajidm 2013 [31] | 132 | 60 | 64 | 28 | 48.5 | 46.7 | 79.2 | 4.3 | 1.08 (0.58–1.98) | 0.815 |
| Zibaei et al., Hindawi 2013 [35] | 85 | 85 | 10 | 3 | 11.8 | 3.5 | 16.0 | 52.0 | 3.64 (0.97–13.75) | 0.043 |
| Kamuyu et al., PLOSntd 2014 [32] | 986 | 1313 | 308 | 293 | 31.2 | 22.3 | 100.0 | 99.8 | 1.58 (1.31–1.91) | <0.001 |
*Statistical power assuming an odds ratio equal to 2 with a type I error equal to 5% and one control per case.
OR, crude odds ratio; PWE, people with epilepsy as cases; PWOE, people without epilepsy as controls; seropositivity, presence of antibodies anti-Toxocara canis; 95% CI, 95% confidence interval.