Table 3. Key Findings.

Clinicians’ Perceived Needs in Order to Support Patient and FCGs across QOL Dimensions and Needs in Adopting the PCI.

Categories and Description	Sub-category and Text Exemplar
Education Needs Training and education needs of clinicians in meeting patient and family caregiver QOL needs and adopting the PCI.	Support in providing spiritual support for patients and family caregivers: “I would welcome help in that area. If we can recognize it I guess is the problem.” (Nurse) “We need proper training to address it.” (Nurse) Non-Palliative Care Clinician education on Palliative Care Services to increase organizational buy-in and palliative care referrals “On the education side, we’re still a black box I think. We’re getting out there to educate with internal medicine with all the sub-specialties. I would say, organizationally, even getting buy-in to educate staff (Nurse).
Organizational Challenges Challenges in meeting patient and family caregiver QOL and adopting the PCI related to constraints or workflow of the organization.	Staffing constraints and workload: “Our challenge with us on the social medicine piece is that we don’t have enough bandwidth…. we’ve just added another social worker to assist with that battle. We’re addressing social needs right then and there. But then, follow up is lacking.” (Nurse). “It would be great to have, maybe a chaplain available because I think most of us share privately we feel we’re limited because we don’t have the proper training to maybe address it.” (Nurse) Time constraints: “The biggest is time constraints… the teaching sessions will take time and preparation and creating a plan for each patient, so I know it’s going to take time, and we are quite stretched as we are.” (Nurse) Environment: “When I say environment, I mean there’s less opportunity to talk about spirituality. It’s just the way inpatient is set up. There just so much going on and so many people.” (Nurse).
Outcome of Focus Group towards Adoption of a new PCI for lung cancer patients and family caregivers	Buy-in from clinicians” “The way I would say it is that the palliative care intervention is excellent. It should be done.” (Physician) Opportunity for Interdisciplinary Team Collaboration: “It’s good to take a minute to just, see where we’re at, you know… and what’s working and what isn’t, It’s a helpful dialogue.” (Chaplain)