Table 1.
Background Characteristics, Social Relationships, and Experiences of Childhood Violence Among 13- to 24-Year-Old Females in Nigeria (n = 1,766) and Malawi (n = 1,029), Violence Against Children Surveys (VACS).
| Background Characteristics | Nigeria |
Malawi |
||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| % | (95% CI)a | % | (95% CI)a | |
| Age group | ||||
| 13–17 | 40.8 | [37.7, 44.0] | 43.1 | [37.2, 49.0] |
| 18–24 | 59.2 | [56.0, 62.3] | 56.9 | [51.0, 62.8] |
| Religious affiliation | ||||
| Christian | 51.9 | [46.9, 56.9] | b | b |
| Muslim | 48.1 | [43.1, 53.1] | b | b |
| Orphan status prior to age 18 | ||||
| Not an orphan | 77.8 | [75.1, 80.5] | 70.2 | [65.8, 74.6] |
| Lost one parent | 19.4 | [16.9, 21.9] | 22.2 | [17.4, 27.0] |
| Lost both parents | 2.8 | [1.9, 3.7] | 7.6 | [5.5, 9.8] |
| Social relationships | ||||
| Relationships with parents | ||||
| No relationship with parents | 2.9 | [1.9, 4.0] | 2.4 | [1.2, 3.7] |
| Close relationship with one parent | 5.9 | [4.7, 7.1] | 7.0 | [5.0, 9.0] |
| Close relationship with both parents | 13.3 | [11.0, 15.7] | 7.1 | [3.3, 11.0] |
| Very close relationship with one parent | 37.0 | [33.4, 40.6] | 40.4 | [36.6, 44.3] |
| Very close relationship with both parents | 40.8 | [36.6, 45.0] | 43.0 | [36.7, 49.3] |
| Relationships with friends | ||||
| No relationship with friends | 35.9 | [32.3, 39.5] | 33.3 | [28.7, 38.0] |
| Some relationship with friends | 35.9 | [32.9, 39.0] | 36.5 | [32.4, 40.6] |
| Close relationship with friends | 28.2 | [25.2, 31.1] | 30.2 | [24.4, 36.0] |
| Experiences of childhood violence | ||||
| Number of types of violence experienced | ||||
| 0 | 31.4 | [27.6, 35.2] | 31.1 | [26.9, 35.3] |
| 1 | 39.3 | [35.9, 42.6] | 35.9 | [32.9, 38.8] |
| 2 | 21.8 | [18.9, 24.6] | 20.7 | [15.4, 26.1] |
| 3 | 7.6 | [5.9, 9.3] | 12.3 | [8.3, 16.4] |
| Sexual violence | ||||
| Experienced any sexual violence | 25.6 | [22.6, 28.6] | 27.2 | [22.9, 31.5] |
| Perpetrator of sexual violencec | ||||
| Family member | 7.6 | [4.7, 10.6] | 11.4 | [5.6, 17.2] |
| Romantic partner/spouse | 37.4 | [31.2, 43.7] | 30.8 | [23.0, 38.6] |
| Friend or neighbor | 37.0 | [32.2, 41.8] | 28.0 | [18.1, 38.0] |
| Authority figure | 5.6 | [2.8, 8.5] | 4.2 | [1.1, 7.3] |
| Classmate/schoolmate | 14.4 | [10.6, 18.2] | 21.9 | [15.3, 28.5] |
| Otherd | 16.5 | [12.6, 20.4] | 13.1 | [6.9, 19.3] |
| Ever witnessed physical violence in home or community | ||||
| No | 24.1 | [20.8, 27.3] | 40.1 | [35.0, 45.3] |
| Yes | 75.9 | [72.7, 79.2] | 59.9 | [54.7, 65.0] |
Note. CI = confidence interval.
a
Nationally representative weighted percentages.
b
Question not asked in Malawi VACS.
c
Among respondents who experienced sexual violence.
d
“Other” includes everyone else who is not included in the other five categories, such as strangers.