Table 3.

Factors Associated With Disclosure of Sexual Violence^a Among 13- to 24-Year-Old Females Who Experienced Sexual Violence, Violence Against Children Surveys (VACS).

	Nigeria		Malawi
	aOR	95% CI	aOR	95% CI
Age group
13–17	1.0 (ref)		1.0 (ref)
18–24	1.2	[0.7, 2.1]	1.6	[0.7, 3.7]
Religion
Christian	2.5	[1.2, 5.3]	b	b
Muslim	1.0 (ref)		b	b
Orphan status prior to age 18
Not an orphan	1.0 (ref)		1.0 (ref)
Lost one parent	0.6	[0.3, 1.0]	1.1	[0.4, 3.2]
Lost both parents	5.9	[1.5, 23.6]	1.5	[0.3, 6.9]
Relationships with parents
No relationship with parents	1.0 (ref)		1.0 (ref)
Close relationship with one or both parents	3.0	[1.1, 8.4]	0.18	[0.02, 1.87]
Very close relationship with one or both parents	5.5	[2.1, 14.6]	0.05	[0.01, 0.33]
Relationships with friends
No relationship with friends	1.0 (ref)		1.0 (ref)
Little relationship with friends	1.0	[0.6, 1.9]	1.5	[0.6, 3.8]
Close relationship with friends	1.0	[0.5, 1.9]	4.8	[1.6, 13.9]
Number of types of violence
1	1.0 (ref)		1.0 (ref)
2	1.6	[0.7, 3.6]	2.1	[0.7, 6.3]
3	2.5	[1.1, 5.9]	1.0	[0.4, 2.6]
Perpetratorc of sexual violence
Family member	5.7	[2.0, 16.9]	3.5	[0.5, 25.9]
Romantic partner/spouse	0.8	[0.4, 1.7]	0.4	[0.1, 1.5]
Friend or neighbor	1.4	[0.7, 2.8]	2.2	[0.5, 9.8]
Authority figure	2.8	[0.8, 9.7]	2.7	[0.4, 16.3]
Classmate/schoolmate	1.0	[0.4, 2.6]	0.5	[0.1, 2.8]
Otherd	2.2	[1.1, 4.5]	0.6	[0.2, 2.6]
Ever witnessed physical violence in home or community	1.6	[0.7, 3.4]	2.6	[1.0, 7.3]

Note. aOR = adjusted odds ratio; CI = confidence Interval. Boldface values indicates significance at p <0.05.

^aAmong those who disclosed.

^bQuestion not asked in Malawi VACS.

^cA dichotomous (0,1) variable was created for each perpetrator type.

^dIncludes everyone else who is not included in the other five categories, such as strangers.