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. 2018 Aug 1;9:3021. doi: 10.1038/s41467-018-05454-4

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© The Author(s) 2018

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 2 — Photoluminescence properties and photovoltaic performance. a Steady-state and b time resolved PL spectra of the perovskite films incorporating bare FAPbI₃, FAPbI₃ with 2D perovskite and FA_0.98Cs_0.02PbI₃ with 2D perovskite. Gray solid lines in b are fitted lines for each curve. c Power conversion efficiency (PCE) distribution of the devices incorporating the perovskites. All the devices were fabricated in same batch. d Current density–voltage (J–V) curves, e steady-state PCE measurement and f external quantum efficiency (EQE) spectra of perovskite solar cells incorporating bare FAPbI₃ (control) and FA_0.98Cs_0.02PbI₃ with 2D perovskite (target). Photovoltaic parameters of the highest performing devices are summarized in the table in d, in which the values with and without parenthesis are from reverse (from V_OC to J_SC) and forward scan (from J_SC to V_OC), respectively