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. 2018 Aug 1;9:3021. doi: 10.1038/s41467-018-05454-4

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© The Author(s) 2018

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 3 — Improved moisture stability with 2D perovskite at grain boundaries. a Photos of the perovskite films incorporating bare FAPbI₃, FAPbI₃ with 2D perovskite and FA_0.98Cs_0.02PbI₃ with 2D perovskite exposed to relative humidity (RH) of 80 ± 5% at 20 ± 2 °C for different time. b Evolution of absorption of the films at 600 nm under RH 80 ± 5% at 20 ± 2 °C. The error bar indicates standard deviation of the absorbance measured from three films for each condition. c–e Transmission electron microscopic (TEM) images of the FA_0.98Cs_0.02PbI₃ film with 1.67 mol% PEA₂PbI₄. Inset of c demonstrates the lower magnification image showing the polycrystalline nature with grain boundaries. The highlighted area (1) and (2) were investigated in d and e, respectively. Inset of d and e show Fast Fourier transform (FFT) analysis of the area within boxes, respectively