Table 1.
Demographic characteristics and cytokines levels of participants
| Healthy subjects (n = 35) |
MDD patients (n = 35) |
p-value | t-value | degrees of freedom | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Characteristics | |||||
| Age, years; mean, (range, SD) | 44.0 (20–65, 11.4) | 46.3 (20–73, 14.3) | 0.463 | −7.38 | 64.9 |
| Female, numbers | 13 | 17 | 0.469 | ||
| Obesity, % | 2 (6.1) | 2 (6.1) | 1.000 | ||
| Medical comorbidities | |||||
| Hypertension, % | 2 (5.7) | 8 (22.9) | 0.084 | ||
| Hyperlipidemia, % | 6 (17.1) | 12 (34.3) | 0.171 | ||
| Diabetes mellitus, % | 0 (0) | 1 (2.9) | 1.000 | ||
| HAMD-17, mean of total scores (SD) | 21.0 (6.0) | ||||
| Inflammatory, mean; pg/mL (SD) | |||||
| IL-1β | 0.058 (0.098) | 0.038 (0.044) | 0.411 | 1.094 | |
| IL-6 | 0.410 (0.364) | 0.616 (0.812) | 0.152 | 1.368 | |
| IFN-γ | 8.969 (15.225) | 10.455 (15.861) | 0.111 | 0.400 | |
| TNF-α | 2.336 (6.239) | 1.612 (0.598) | 0.339 | 0.684 | |
Diabetes mellitus defined as a random glucose level of >11.1 mmol/l, fasting blood glucose > 7.0 mmol/l, HbA1c > 6.5%, or the current use of antidiabetic drugs, hypertension (blood pressure > 140/90 mm Hg or current treatment with antihypertensive drugs), dyslipidemia (LDL cholesterol > 3.64 mmol/l, HDL cholesterol 0.91 mmol/l, triglyceride > 1.7 mmol/l, or treatment for dyslipidemia), and obesity (body mass index > 26 kg/m2)
SD standard deviation, MDD major depression disorders, HAMD-17 17-item Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression, IL interleukin, IFN interferon, TNF tumor necrosis factor