| C–S–H | calcium-silicate-hydrates |
| CH | calcium hydroxide (portlandite) |
| β-C2S | β-dicalcium silicate |
| ITZ | interfacial transition zone |
| OPC | ordinary Portland cement |
| HSC | high strength concrete |
| SFRC | steel-fibre reinforced concrete |
| SCM | supplementary cementitious material |
| SF | silica fume |
| GGBS | ground granulated blast-furnace slag |
| FA | fly ash |
| NS | nanosilica |
| NA | nanoalumina |
| NC | nanoclay |
| NMK | nanometakaolin |
| NT | nanotitania |
| CNT | carbon nanotube |
| MWCNT | multi-walled carbon nanotube |
| CF | carbon fiber |
| CNF | carbon nanofiber |
| GO | graphene oxide |
| GSNS | graphene sulphonate nanosheet |
| MIP | mercury intrusion porosimetry |
| XRD | X-ray diffraction |
| DSC | differential scanning calorimetry |
| SEM | scanning electron microscopy |
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