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. 2018 Jul 17;8(7):121. doi: 10.3390/ani8070121

Table 2.

Operant conditioning: statistical information (Χ2; p) of the effects on the number of target touches: (a) Results for the habituation phase, experimental phase, and reversal phase; (b) Detailed statistical results of the effects of target touches for the dog and sheep videos during the reversal phase.

Phase or Video Type Global Effect of Target Touch Video Valence Video Intensity Day of Test Interactions
(a) Habituation phase 13.69; 0.44 NA - - - -
Experimental phase 19.11; 0.07 NA 1.44; 0.23 0.07; 0.79 14.65; 0.003 All interactions
≤0.53; ≥0.78
Reversal phase 37.61; 0.08 5.83; 0.06 −0.40; 1 0.99; 0.41 3.57; 0.21 Effect * Valence
4.28; 0.06
Day of test * Valence
5.52; 0.08
All other interactions
≤4.27; ≥0.11
(b) Dog videos 43.92; 0.001 17.76; 0.002 NA 1.02; 0.42 14.39; 0.003 All interactions
≤1.53; ≥0.14
Sheep videos 7.28; 0.85 - NA - - -

* include the main effects and all the possible interactions among the predictors separated by ‘*’ (as with the formula notation in R).