. 2018 Jul 11;8(7):115. doi: 10.3390/ani8070115

Table 3.

Linear mixed models examining the effects of feeding frequency (2 allocations = 2 feeds per day; 7 allocations = 7 feeds per day) on the time (h per cow and day) cows spent feeding, resting, and ruminating. Least square means and pooled standard errors (SE_P) are presented.

Behaviour	Treatment		Prior Treatment ¹			SE_P	p-Value
	2 Feeds	7 Feeds	Period 1	Period 2			Treatment	Prior Treatment
	2 Feeds	7 Feeds	None	2 Feeds	7 Feeds		Treatment	Prior Treatment
Feeding	8.9	8.9	8.8 ^a	9.2 ^b	8.9 ^ab	0.19	0.95	0.047
Resting ²	5.6 ^a	6.0 ^b	5.6	5.57	5.93	0.79	0.008	0.18
Ruminating	7.7 ^a	7.2 ^b	8.0 ^a	7.2 ^b	7.0 ^b	0.11	<0.001	<0.001

^a,b Within fixed effects (i.e., treatment or prior treatment) and rows, superscripts indicate where means differ. ¹ In period 1 (days 1–14), cows did not have a prior treatment (none). In period 2 (days 15–28), “prior treatment” refers to the treatment the cow was in for period 1. ² y = √X back-transformed means.