Table 2.
Viruses detected in major highbush blueberry production areas in North America
| Acronym 1 | Genus | Transmission | Laboratory Detection | California | Regional Occurrence | Positives # | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Northwest | Southeast | Northeast | Midwest | ||||||
| BFDaV | ? | ? | RT-PCR??? | 0/148 | 64/1244 * | 0/221 | 0/555 | 0/411 | 64 |
| BlLV | Amalgavirus | pollen/seed ◊ | RT-PCR | 5/148 | 22/1244 | 15/221 | 48/555 | 2/411 | 92 |
| BLMoV | Nepovirus | nematodes? □◊ | ELISA | 0/148 | 0/1244 | 0/221 | 18/555 | 12/411 | 30 |
| BlMaV | Ophiovirus | Olpidium/? | RT-PCR | 9/148 | 18/1244 | 2/221 | 20/555 | 35/411 | 84 |
| BNRBV | Blunervirus | eriophyid mites? | RT-PCR | 0/148 | 0/1244 | 26/221 | 0/555 | 0/411 | 26 |
| BRRV | Soymovirus | ? | PCR | 0/148 | 0/1244 | 46/221 | 1/555 | 0/411 | 47 |
| BlScV | Carlavirus | aphids/non-persistent | ELISA/RT-PCR | 0/148 | 43/1244 | 0/221 | 70/555 | 1/411 | 114 |
| BlShV | Ilarvirus | pollen/seed ◊ | ELISA/RT-PCR | 8/148 | 558/1244 | 0/221 | 0/555 | 0/411 | 566 |
| BlSSV | Sobemovirus | aphids/non-persistent | ELISA | 0/148 | 0/1244 | 0/221 | 4/555 | 49/411 | 53 |
| BVA | Closterovirus | aphids/Semi-persistent? | RT-PCR | 0/148 | 0/1244 | 0/221 | 29/555 | 90/411 | 119 |
| PRMV | Nepovirus | nematodes/persistent □◊ | ELISA | 0/148 | 0/1244 | 0/221 | 2/555 | 6/411 | 8 |
| TRSV | Nepovirus | nematodes/persistent □◊ | ELISA | 0/148 | 0/1244 | 0/221 | 42/555 | 4/411 | 46 |
| ToRSV | Nepovirus | nematodes/persistent □◊ | ELISA | 0/148 | 5/1244 | 0/221 | 6/555 | 13/411 | 24 |
1 BFDaV = Blueberry fruit drop associated virus, BlLV = Blueberry latent virus, BLMoV = Blueberry leaf mottle virus, BlMaV = Blueberry mosaic associated virus, BNRBV = Blueberry necrotic ring blotch virus, BRRV = Blueberry red ringspot virus, BlScV = Blueberry scorch virus, BlShV = Blueberry shock virus, BlSSV = Blueberry shoestring virus, BVA = Blueberry virus A, PRMV = Peach rosette mosaic virus, TRSV = Tobacco ringspot virus, ToRSV = Tomato ringspot virus; * All BFDaV positives were from 3 fields in the Fraser River Valley in Whatcom county Washington and British Columbia, Canada; with the exception of 1 sample from the National Clonal Germplasm. Repository in Corvallis, OR, where a single plant of cultivar “Aron” tested positive for BFDaV. ◊ Also transmitted by pollen feeding arthropods. □ Pollen and seed transmitted. # Total number of positives for virus in the survey. Bold font highlights highest risk viruses in the production area.