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CKD and inflammation.
| Mechanisms by which CKD promotes inflammation |
|---|
| • CKD is an IR state |
| • CKD is a state of low-grade inflammation |
| • Promotes inflammatory response of macrophages to FFA |
| • Progressive increase in pro-inflammatory cytokines as kidney function declines |
Abbreviations: CKD, chronic kidney disease; FFA, free fatty acid; IR, insulin resistance.
