eTable 2. Endpoint results of included studies (video laryngoscopy vs. direct laryngoscopy).
| Study |
First-pass success rate |
Overall success rate |
Intubation attempts Ø |
Time to successful intubation |
Airway trauma*1 |
Aspiration |
Cardiac arrest |
Death*2 |
Esophageal intubation |
Hypoxemia | Hypotension |
| Driver 2016 (17) | 92.2 vs. 86.3% |
Not reported | 1.1 (1.0–1.2) vs. 1.2 (1.1–1.3) |
Not reported | Not reported | Not reported | Not reported | Not reported | Not reported | 25.2 vs. 27.3% SaO 2 <93% |
Not reported |
| Goksu 2016 (18) | 62.7 vs. 58.7% |
92 vs. 96% |
Not reported | 33.4 ± 25 vs. 42.4 ± 51 s |
Not reported | Not reported | Not reported | Not reported | 0 vs. 9.3% |
33 vs. 48% SaO 2 <90% |
Not reported |
| Griesdale 2012 (19) | 40 vs. 35% |
100 vs. 100% |
1.8 vs. 1.75 |
221 [103–291] vs. 156 [67–220] s |
Not reported | Not reported | Not reported | 0 vs. 0% |
Not reported | SaO2*3 86vs. 95% |
mmHg*3 81 vs. 77 |
| Janz 2016 (20) | 68.9 vs. 65.8% |
Not reported | 1 [1–1] vs. 1 [1–2] |
126 [89–197] vs. 153 [93–253] s |
1.4 vs. 0% |
1.4 vs. 1.3% |
1.4 vs. 1.3% |
Not reported | 1.4 vs. 5.3% |
19.4 vs. 21.1% SaO2 <80% |
10.8 vs. 9.2% <80 mmhg |
| Lascarrou 2017 (21) | 67.7 vs. 70.3% |
100 vs. 100% |
1 {1–4} vs. 1 {1–5} |
3 [2–4] vs. 3 [2–4] min |
0 vs. 0.6% |
2.2 vs. 2.2% |
2.2 vs. 0% |
0.5 vs. 0% |
1.6 vs. 3.3% |
8.1 vs. 10.9% SaO 2 <90% |
4.4 vs. 2.2% <90 mmhg |
| Silverberg 2015 (22) | 74 vs. 40% |
100 vs. 100% |
1.39 vs. 1.93 |
120 vs. 218 s |
Not reported | 9 vs. 7% |
Not reported | Not reported | 0 vs. 7% |
4 vs. 8% SaO 2 <80% |
11 vs. 13% <70 mmhg |
| Sulser 2016 (23) | 99 vs. 100% |
100 vs. 100% |
1.01 vs. 1 |
32 ± 11 vs. 31 ± 9 s |
0 vs. 0% |
Not reported | Not reported | Not reported | 0 vs. 0% |
1 ± 2% vs. 1 ± 2%*4 |
Not reported |
| Yeatts 2013 (24) | 80 vs. 81% |
Not reported | Not reported | 71.0 (65.3–76.7) vs. 56.5 (51.1–62.0) s |
0 vs. 0% |
0 vs. 0% |
Not reported | Not reported | Not reported | 50 vs. 24% SaO 2 <80%*5 |
Not reported |
*1 Including dental injuries, *2 during intubation, *3 minimum, *4 maximal decrease in SaO2, *5 for a subgroup of patients with severe head injuries
() contain 95% confidence intervals for a mean, [] contain the interquartile range for a median, {} contain the range for a median, ± shows the standard deviation of a mean.
Some values had to be converted for entry into RevMan for meta-analysis. To permit estimation of the standard deviation of a mean based on a 95% confidence interval, an equation from the Cochrane Handbook was used (Higgins JPT, Green S [eds.]: Cochrane handbook for systematic reviews of interventions version 5.1.0 [updated March 2011]. The Cochrane Collaboration, 2011. Available at http://handbook.cochrane.org.). To estimate a mean and standard deviation on the basis of a median and interquartile range, equations from Wan et al. were used (Wan X, Wang W, Liu J, Tong T: Estimating the sample mean and standard deviation from the sample size, median, range and/or interquartile range, BMC Med Res Methodol 2014; 14: 135.) For estimation of a standard ?deviation based on the mean and a p value, the RevMan pocket calculator was used (available at training.cochrane.org).