Table 2.

Associations between urinary phthalate metabolite concentrations ($\mathrm{\mu }\mathrm{g}/\mathrm{g}$ creatinine) and risk of incident breast cancer among Long Island Breast Cancer Study Project (LIBCSP) women ($n=710$ women with breast cancer (BC) and 598 women without breast cancer (no BC).

Analyte ($\mathrm{\mu }\mathrm{g}/\mathrm{g}$ creatinine)b	Median in women with no BC	Age adjusted		Multivariable adjusteda
		BC/no BC	OR (95% CI)	BC/no BC	OR (95% CI)
Total observations	—	710/598	—	682/558	—
MEP
11.3–60.7	40.2	174/119	1.00	166/115	1.00
60.7–118	87.0	143/120	0.78 (0.56, 1.10)	135/112	0.79 (0.57, 1.12)
118–207	158	120/120	0.67 (0.47, 0.95)	118/109	0.73 (0.51, 1.04)
207–492	314	132/120	0.75 (0.53, 1.05)	126/115	0.75 (0.53, 1.07)
492–34,127	958	141/119	0.81 (0.58, 1.14)	137/107	0.89 (0.62, 1.26)
Ln(MEP)	—	—	0.92 (0.85, 1.00)	—	0.94 (0.86, 1.02)
MnBP
0.658–19.3	14.0	170/119	1.00	166/112	1.00
19.3–29.0	24.1	125/120	0.70 (0.50, 0.99)	123/113	0.70 (0.49, 1.00)
29.1–43.6	34.1	155/120	0.86 (0.61, 1.20)	148/112	0.85 (0.60, 1.20)
43.9–67.9	52.3	117/120	0.65 (0.46, 0.93)	110/110	0.65 (0.45, 0.93)
67.9–586	104	143/119	0.82 (0.59, 1.16)	135/111	0.79 (0.56, 1.13)
Ln(MnBP)	—	—	0.91 (0.80, 1.04)	—	0.91 (0.79, 1.04)
MiBP
0.218–1.44	0.938	173/119	1.00	167/112	1.00
1.44–2.43	1.95	140/120	0.81 (0.57, 1.13)	138/112	0.86 (0.60, 1.21)
2.43–3.79	2.97	140/120	0.81 (0.58, 1.14)	132/109	0.80 (0.56, 1.15)
3.79–6.16	4.96	124/120	0.71 (0.51, 1.01)	119/116	0.69 (0.48, 0.99)
6.19–73.3	8.84	133/119	0.78 (0.55, 1.09)	126/109	0.79 (0.55, 1.13)
Ln(MiBP)	—	—	0.90 (0.80, 1.01)	—	0.89 (0.79, 1.00)
MCPP
0.487–3.27	2.52	173/119	1.00	167/114	1.00
3.28–4.52	3.74	132/120	0.73 (0.52, 1.03)	130/112	0.76 (0.54, 1.08)
4.53–6.45	5.32	159/120	0.85 (0.61, 1.19)	153/113	0.86 (0.61, 1.21)
6.46–9.28	7.51	117/120	0.63 (0.45, 0.90)	109/108	0.64 (0.45, 0.92)
9.31–98.9	14.6	129/119	0.70 (0.50, 0.99)	123/111	0.71 (0.49, 1.01)
Ln(MCPP)	—	—	0.86 (0.74, 1.01)	—	0.85 (0.72, 1.00)
MBzP
0.411–6.99	4.42	183/119	1.00	177/110	1.00
7.03–10.9	9.08	121/120	0.67 (0.47, 0.94)	119/115	0.64 (0.45, 0.91)
11.0–16.5	13.5	159/120	0.88 (0.63, 1.23)	150/113	0.81 (0.57, 1.14)
16.6–25.7	20.1	113/120	0.63 (0.44, 0.89)	108/112	0.59 (0.41, 0.84)
25.8–505	35.8	134/119	0.74 (0.53, 1.04)	128/108	0.72 (0.50, 1.03)
Ln(MBzP)	—	—	0.94 (0.83, 1.06)	—	0.93 (0.82, 1.05)
MCOPc
0.850–3.40	2.51	78/41	1.00	76/35	1.00
3.45–4.98	4.24	60/41	0.78 (0.45, 1.35)	58/40	0.69 (0.39, 1.24)
5.08–7.42	6.07	60/41	0.74 (0.42, 1.28)	57/37	0.65 (0.36, 1.17)
7.66–13.44	9.81	56/41	0.66 (0.38, 1.16)	53/39	0.54 (0.30, 0.97)
13.69–474	24.4	66/41	0.84 (0.48, 1.45)	64/40	0.73 (0.71, 1.30)
Ln(MCOP)	—	—	0.95 (0.80, 1.12)	—	0.90 (0.75, 1.08)
MCNPc
0.167–1.98	1.51	73/41	1.00	72/37	1.00
2.00–2.64	2.32	39/41	0.51 (0.28, 0.92)	39/41	0.46 (0.25, 0.85)
2.64–3.88	3.17	64/41	0.89 (0.51, 1.55)	61/37	0.85 (0.47, 1.52)
3.96–7.60	5.28	86/41	1.15 (0.67, 1.96)	81/37	1.03 (0.59, 1.82)
7.84–580	13.5	58/41	0.77 (0.44, 1.35)	55/39	0.72 (0.40, 1.30)
Ln(MCNP)	—	—	0.96 (0.79, 1.17)	—	0.95 (0.77, 1.16)
MEHP
0.238–1.79	1.32	165/119	1.00	160/114	1.00
1.81–3.10	2.41	138/120	0.85 (0.61, 1.20)	132/111	0.85 (0.60, 1.21)
3.13–4.96	4.11	137/120	0.86 (0.62, 1.23)	131/113	0.82 (0.57, 1.17)
4.96–9.86	6.41	146/120	0.94 (0.67, 1.32)	142/112	0.95 (0.67, 1.35)
9.90–1,018	17.0	124/119	0.81 (0.57, 1.15)	117/108	0.79 (0.55, 1.13)
Ln(MEHP)	—	—	0.92 (0.83, 1.02)	—	0.91 (0.82, 1.02)
MEOHP
0.882–9.15	6.21	144/119	1.00	141/111	1.00
9.17–14.4	12.2	158/120	1.06 (0.75, 1.49)	150/112	1.01 (0.71, 1.44)
14.5–20.0	16.8	123/120	0.83 (0.58, 1.18)	118/114	0.78 (0.54, 1.12)
20.1–34.0	24.7	149/120	0.97 (0.69, 1.37)	143/111	0.94 (0.65, 1.34)
34.2–1,253	53.5	136/119	0.94 (0.66, 1.33)	130/110	0.89 (0.62, 1.27)
Ln(MEOHP)	—	—	0.96 (0.85, 1.08)	—	0.94 (0.83, 1.06)
MEHHP
1.10–14.9	9.98	147/119	1.00	143/111	1.00
14.9–23.6	19.8	147/120	0.97 (0.69, 1.37)	140/111	0.93 (0.65, 1.34)
23.8–34.2	28.4	134/120	0.88 (0.62, 1.25)	131/115	0.86 (0.60, 1.24)
34.5–59.4	42.1	140/120	0.89 (0.63, 1.26)	134/112	0.85 (0.59, 1.21)
59.8–2,721	92.7	142/119	0.97 (0.69, 1.37)	134/109	0.92 (0.64, 1.32)
Ln(MEHHP)	—	—	0.99 (0.88, 1.11)	—	0.97 (0.86, 1.10)
MECPP
3.09–22.3	15.4	152/119	1.00	146/110	1.00
22.5–33.9	28.2	173/120	1.08 (0.77, 1.52)	168/111	1.08 (0.76, 1.53)
34.0–45.9	38.6	112/120	0.70 (0.49, 1.00)	109/114	0.68 (0.47, 0.99)
46.0–78.4	55.8	139/120	0.85 (0.60, 1.20)	134/111	0.82 (0.57, 1.17)
78.9–1,950	131	134/119	0.85 (0.60, 1.20)	125/112	0.79 (0.55, 1.14)
Ln(MECPP)	—	—	0.92 (0.81, 1.04)	—	0.89 (0.78, 1.01)
Low MWPd
24.5–96.4	67.8	163/119	1.00	157/113	1.00
96.4–166	134	174/120	1.04 (0.74, 1.45)	167/112	1.05 (0.74, 1.48)
166–274	216	103/120	0.62 (0.43, 0.88)	98/111	0.63 (0.44, 0.91)
274–527	380	126/120	0.77 (0.55, 1.09)	121/115	0.77 (0.54, 1.10)
530–34,163	1,053	144/119	0.89 (0.63, 1.25)	139/107	0.95 (0.66, 1.35)
Ln(Low MWP)	—	—	0.92 (0.83, 1.01)	—	0.92 (0.84, 1.02)
High MWPe
7.36–60.9	42.3	152/119	1.00	147/110	1.00
61.2–91.4	75.5	161/120	1.05 (0.75, 1.48)	156/116	0.99 (0.69, 1.40)
91.9–122	104	118/120	0.76 (0.53, 1.08)	116/112	0.74 (0.51, 1.06)
123–192	150	133/120	0.83 (0.59, 1.17)	123/110	0.75 (0.52, 1.08)
193–6,320	315	146/119	0.96 (0.68, 1.36)	140/110	0.92 (0.64, 1.32)
Ln(High MWP)	—	—	0.95 (0.83, 1.08)	—	0.92 (0.81, 1.06)
$\mathrm{\Sigma }\text{DEHP}$f
5.45–46.9	33.4	145/119	1.00	141/109	1.00
46.9–71.6	59.4	168/120	1.11 (0.79, 1.55)	162/113	1.05 (0.74, 1.49)
71.7–99.0	83.9	115/120	0.77 (0.54, 1.10)	111/114	0.71 (0.49, 1.02)
99.0–169	123	146/120	0.94 (0.67, 1.33)	137/111	0.87 (0.61, 1.25)
169–6,265	283	136/119	0.92 (0.65, 1.30)	131/111	0.86 (0.60, 1.24)
Ln($\mathrm{\Sigma }\text{DEHP}$)	—	—	0.94 (0.83, 1.07)	—	0.92 (0.81, 1.05)

Note: LIBCSP women without BC were age-matched to women diagnosed with BC between 1 August 1996 and 31 July 1997. —, no information was collected at that particular examination point; CI, confidence interval; DEHP, di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate; MBzP, monobenzyl phthalate; MCNP, monocarboxy-isononyl phthalate; MCOP, monocarboxyoctyl phthalate; MCPP, mono(3-carboxypropyl) phthalate; MECPP, mono(2-ethyl-5-carboxypentyl) phthalate; MEHHP, mono(2-ethyl-5-hydroxyhexyl) phthalate; MEHP, mono(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate; MEOHP, mono(2-ethyl-5-oxohexyl) phthalate; MEP, monoethyl phthalate; MiBP, mono-isobutyl phthalate; MnBP, mono-N-butyl phthalate; MWP, molecular-weight phthalate; OR, unconditional logistic regression odds ratio.

^aAdjusted for age (continuous), age at menarche (continuous), education ($<\text{high}\text{school}/\text{high}\text{school}$ graduate, college, and postcollege), menopausal status (pre- vs. postmenopausal), hormone replacement therapy use (never vs. ever), body mass index ($<25.0$, 25.0–29.9, and $\ge 30.0{\mathrm{kg}/\text{m}}^2$), and oral contraceptive use (never vs. ever).

^bQuintiles ($\mathrm{\mu }\mathrm{g}/\mathrm{g}$ creatinine) based on distributions among women without breast cancer.

^cMCOP and MCNP were measured in 320 women with BC and 205 women without BC only.

^dLow MWP: Creatinine-corrected molar sum of MEP, MnBP, and MiBP (expressed as MEP, molecular weight 194).

^eHigh MWP: Creatinine-corrected molar sum of MBzP, MEHP, MEOHP, MEHHP, MECPP (expressed as MEHP, molecular weight 278).

^f$\mathrm{\Sigma }\text{DEHP}$: Creatinine-corrected molar sum of DEHP metabolites: MEHP, MEOHP, MEHHP, MECPP (expressed as MEHP, molecular weight 278).