Table 2.

Phthalate metabolite distribution in a nested case–control study of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder in the Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort (MoBa), 2003–2008.

Exposure and outcome	Geometric mean	Geometric SD	Min	25%	50%	75%	Max	LOQ	% $>\text{LOQ}$	Average batch-specific CV
MEP ($\mathrm{\mu }\mathrm{g}/\mathrm{L}$)								0.5	100.0	3.20
Case	133	4.50	5.09	40.9	132	406	10,500
Control	98.7	4.49	0.05	32.3	98.7	297	6,760
MiBP ($\mathrm{\mu }\mathrm{g}/\mathrm{L}$)								0.5	100.0	5.86
Case	21.2	2.33	3.21	12.0	21.5	36.8	407
Control	18.0	2.58	0.02	9.61	16.5	31.4	562
MnBP ($\mathrm{\mu }\mathrm{g}/\mathrm{L}$)								0.5	100.0	4.02
Case	25.1	2.13	4.18	14.4	25.0	43.4	214
Control	18.1	2.44	0.03	11.4	17.0	30.6	70,200
MBzP ($\mathrm{\mu }\mathrm{g}/\mathrm{L}$)								0.2	100.0	4.93
Case	7.28	2.72	0.76	3.34	6.74	14.8	151
Control	4.57	2.59	$<0.01$	2.54	4.25	7.84	103
MEHP ($\mathrm{\mu }\mathrm{g}/\mathrm{L}$)								0.5	100.0	5.66
Case	13.7	1.89	2.16	8.74	13.2	20.1	156
Control	11.2	2.21	0.02	7.11	10.3	17.2	812
MEHHP ($\mathrm{\mu }\mathrm{g}/\mathrm{L}$)								0.4	100.0	3.74
Case	16.9	2.25	1.71	9.52	16.6	26.5	324
Control	13.8	2.54	0.03	8.06	12.6	20.5	1,700
MEOHP ($\mathrm{\mu }\mathrm{g}/\mathrm{L}$)								0.4	100.0	3.82
Case	11.3	2.23	1.36	6.67	10.8	17.6	179
Control	9.29	2.51	0.02	5.51	8.41	14.0	807
MECPP ($\mathrm{\mu }\mathrm{g}/\mathrm{L}$)								2.0	100.0	1.22
Case	23.6	1.84	7.42	15.5	21.2	32.2	327
Control	20.6	2.04	0.04	13.8	18.5	25.6	768
MMCHP ($\mathrm{\mu }\mathrm{g}/\mathrm{L}$)								2.0	100.0	2.79
Case	23.2	1.84	7.86	15.2	20.5	29.8	463
Control	20.6	1.95	0.03	14.0	18.1	26.1	372
$\sum \text{DEHP}$ ($\mathrm{\mu }\text{mol}/\mathrm{L}$)								NA	NA	NA
Case	0.31	1.85	0.07	0.21	0.28	0.41	3.30
Control	0.27	2.10	$<0.01$	0.18	0.23	0.34	14.9
OH-MiNP ($\mathrm{\mu }\mathrm{g}/\mathrm{L}$)								0.2	100.0	4.99
Case	0.92	1.96	0.33	0.59	0.86	1.22	138
Control	1.06	2.10	$<0.01$	0.69	0.95	1.42	60.7
oxo-MiNP ($\mathrm{\mu }\mathrm{g}/\mathrm{L}$)								0.2	98.5	6.58
Case	1.09	2.18	0.33	0.62	0.95	1.58	122
Control	1.20	2.45	$<0.01$	0.70	1.04	1.76	201
cx-MiNP ($\mathrm{\mu }\mathrm{g}/\mathrm{L}$)								1.0	100.0	2.79
Case	3.22	1.63	1.30	2.27	2.96	4.45	36.0
Control	3.61	1.80	0.01	2.50	3.49	4.73	141
$\sum \text{DiNP}$ ($\mathrm{\mu }\text{mol}/\mathrm{L}$)								NA	NA	NA
Case	0.02	1.75	0.01	0.01	0.02	0.02	0.96
Control	0.02	1.95	$<0.01$	0.01	0.02	0.03	1.07

Note: Concentrations are expressed to three significant digits. Phthalate metabolites were measured in 297 cases and 552 controls. The LOQ was not available for $\sum \text{DEHP}$ and $\sum \text{DiNP}$ because they are molar sums of phthalate metabolites, and therefore were not directly measured. CV, coefficient of variation; cx-MiNP, mono-4-methyl-7-carboxyheptyl phthalate; DEHP, di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate; DiNP, di-iso-nonyl phthalate; LOQ, limit of quantification; MBzP, monobenzyl phthalate; MECPP, mono-2-ethyl-5-carboxypentyl phthalate; MEHHP, mono-2-ethyl-5-hydroxyhexyl phthalate; MEHP, mono-2-ethylhexyl phthalate; MEOHP, mono-2-ethyl-5-oxoyhexyl phthalate; MEP, monoethyl phthalate; MiBP, mono-iso-butyl phthalate; MMCHP, mono-2-methylcarboxyhexyl phthalate; MnBP, mono-n-butyl phthalate; NA, not available; OH-MiNP, mono-4-methyl-7-hydroxyoctyl phthalate; oxo-MiNP, mono-4-methyl-7oxooctyl phthalate. Values were adjusted for batch and standardized to the geometric mean of specific gravity.