Figure 6.

DBT effects on glucose homeostasis, fasting glucose, and leptin levels in males exposed to HFD. (A) Glucose levels during glucose tolerance test (GTT). (B) Area under the curve (AUC) corresponding to the GTT. (C) Glucose levels during insulin tolerance test (ITT). (D) Area under the curve (AUC) corresponding to the ITT. Animals perinatally exposed to DMSO, TBT or DBT were fasted for 4 h prior to the test. Glucose or insulin as administered by intraperitoneal injection and glucose levels were measured every 30 min for the next 120 min. AUC was calculated for each animal independently and averaged for each treatment group. (E) Glucose, (F) leptin, (G) insulin and (H) adiponectin levels after 16 h fasting. Blood was isolated by heart puncture after euthanasia and process for plasma analyses. Two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was conducted to compare DMSO and the different treatments, followed by Sidak’s post-hoc test for glucose levels at each time point for GTT and ITT. One-way ANOVA was conducted to compare DMSO and the different concentrations of DBT, followed by Dunnett’s post-hoc test to compare differences in AUC and glucose levels. Unpaired t-test was conducted for DMSO vs. TBT and DMSO vs. $500\text{nM}$ DBT comparisons of hormones. $N\hspace{0.17em}\mathrm{\geqq }\hspace{0.17em}9$. Data are expressed as the $\text{mean}\pm \text{SEM}.$ Note: DBT, dibutyltin; DMSO, dimethylsulfoxide; TBT, tributyltin; SEM, standard error of the mean. *$p\le 0.05$ in comparison with vehicle (DMSO).