TABLE 2.
The Most Promising Studies of Chemopreventive Natural Compounds in HNSCC
| Natural Compound | Most Promising Trials | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Type | Compound | Result | Source | |
| Vitamin A | Clinical | Isoretinoin, interferon-α, α-tocopherol | Improved survival rate and lowered secondary primary tumors | (6,12,13) |
| Curcumin | Clinical | Curcumin | Reduced oral premalignant and high risk lesions | (23,24) |
| Isothiocyanate | Pre-clinical | BITC, cisplatin | Increase in apoptosis and decrease in HNSCC cell viability | (31,32) |
| Green Tea | Clinical | GTE, erlotinib | Reduced oral premalignant lesions | (47) |
| Luteolin | Pre-clinical | EGCG, luteolin | Induced apoptosis, inhibited growth of xenograft tumors | (58) |
| Resveratrol | Pre-clinical | Resveratrol | Induced apoptosis | (99) |
| Genistein | Pre-clinical | Cetuximab, genistein | Tumor growth inhibition, apoptosis | (83) |
| Lycopene | Clinical | Lycopene | Reduction in HNSCC | (92) |
| Bitter Melon | Pre-clinical | BME | Inhibition of HNSCC growth in mice | (93,95) |
| Withaferin A | Pre-clinical | Withaferin A | Apoptosis of HNSCC cell lines | (96) |
| Guggulsterone | Pre-clinical | Guggulsterone | Increased efficacy of erlotinib, cetuximab and cisplatin | (97) |
BITC = benzyl isothiocyanate, GTE = green tea extract, EGCG = epigallocatechin-3-gallate, BME = 2-Mercaptoethanol