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. 2018 Jul 30;13:2319–2333. doi: 10.2147/COPD.S147484

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© 2018 Mantero et al. This work is published and licensed by Dove Medical Press Limited

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Relative rate ratio for moderate/severe and severe COPD exacerbations in trials investigating efficacy of fixed-dose triple therapy compared with LABA/ICS, LAMA, LABA/LAMA, or open triple therapy.

Notes: Vertical bars represent the upper limit of the CI. The red line represents a CI =1.0 and therefore the significance level. ^#Rate of severe exacerbations not reported; *Relative risk for severe exacerbations not available.

Abbreviations: MOD/SEV, moderate/severe exacerbations; SEV, severe exacerbations; LABA, long-acting β2-agonists; ICS, inhaled corticosteroids; LAMA, long-acting muscarinic antagonist; AECOPD, acute exacerbations of COPD; FF, fluticasone furoate; BDP, beclomethasone dipropionate; FORM, formoterol; BUD, budesonide; GLY, glycopyrronium; TIO, tiotropium; IND, indacaterol; UMEC, umeclidinium; VI, vilanterol.