Table 1.
Baseline data of participants
| Variables | Control (n=19) | COPD (n=40)
|
||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| All (n=40) | Mild symptom (n=13) | Severe symptom (n=27) | ||
| Age (years) | 58.7±6.5 | 61.5±6.5 | 63±5.2 | 60.8±7.1 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 25±3.0 | 24.1±3.5 | 23.9±2.3 | 24.2±4.1 |
| Smoking history (pack-years) | 33.8±14.8 | 37.1±21.1 | 30.2±13.6 | 40.4±23.4 |
| FEV1%pred | 98.4±11 | 57.7±17.4** | 57.7±12.0** | 57.7±19.7** |
| RV/TLC | 35.4±9.1 | 52.8±12.4** | 51.5±12.7** | 53.4±12.4** |
| SGRQ score | NA | 37.1±17.7 | 18.5±4.2 | 46±14.4 |
| ICS | NA | 11 (27.5%) | 5 (38.4%) | 6 (22.2%) |
| Bronchodilator | NA | 38 (95.0%) | 12 (92.3%) | 26 (96.3%) |
| Exacerbation (≥2)a | NA | 1 (2.5%) | 0 (0%) | 1 (3.7%) |
| Hypertension | 3 (15.8%) | 7 (17.5%) | 2 (15.4%) | 5 (18.5%) |
| Diabetes | 2 (10.5%) | 4 (10.0%) | 1 (7.7%) | 3 (11.1%) |
| GOLD classification | ||||
| I | NA | 5 (12.5%) | 0 (0%) | 5 (18.5%) |
| II | NA | 19 (47.5%) | 8 (61.5%) | 11 (40.7%) |
| III | NA | 14 (35.0%) | 5 (38.5%) | 9 (33.3%) |
| IV | NA | 2 (5.0%) | 0 (0%) | 2 (7.4%) |
Notes: Continuous variables are presented as “mean±SD”; categorical variables are shown as “number (%)”.
**
P<0.01: the group is significantly different from control. “Mild symptom” represents COPD patients of SGRQ <25; and “severe symptom” denotes COPD patients of SGRQ ≥25.
a
Number of 2 or greater than exacerbation events in the past 1 year.
Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; FEV1%pred, the predicted percent of forced expiratory volume in 1 second; RV/TLC, ratio of residual volume to total lung capacity; SGRQ, St George’s respiratory questionnaire; ICS, inhaled corticosteroid; GOLD, Global Initiative for Obstructive Lung Disease; NA, not applicable.