Table 1.

Demographic data for each participant group.

	Pre-quake	0–6 months	6–12 months	12–18 months	18–24 months	Total	p-values
Participants	n = 58	n = 20	n = 26	n = 29	n = 19	n = 152	—
Age (y) (mean ± SD)	33.0 ± 4.2	31.3 ± 5.2	32.2 ± 4.7	32.7 ± 4.3	29.0 ± 13.5	32.1 ± 6.4	0.679*
Parity: n (%)
First	47 (81.0)	17 (85.0)	20 (76.9)	25 (85.2)	15 (79.0)	124 (81.3)	0.933*
Second	8 (14.8)	3 (15.0)	4 (15.4)	2 (6.90)	2 (10.5)	19 (12.5)	—
Third	2 (3.4)	0 (0)	2 (7.7)	2 (6.90)	2 (10.5)	8 (5.3)	—
Fourth	1 (1.7)	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)	1 (0.7)	—
Education (y) (mean ± SD)	14.8 ± 1.4	15.1 ± 1.5	14.3 ± 1.8	15.0 ± 1.4	15.2 ± 1.2	14.9 ± 1.5	0.297*
EPDS (mean ± SE)
Total score	4.45 ± 0.50	7.95 ± 1.47	6.27 ± 1.03	5.38 ± 0.91	4.37 ± 0.77	5.39 ± 0.39	0.024†
Anxiety	2.16 ± 0.26	3.65 ± 0.57	2.96 ± 0.50	2.69 ± 0.48	1.89 ± 0.42	2.56 ± 0.19	0.021†
Depression	0.79 ± 0.16	1.75 ± 0.48	1.35 ± 0.30	0.83 ± 0.25	0.84 ± 0.18	1.03 ± 0.12	0.059†
Anhedonia	0.29 ± 0.73	0.65 ± 1.09	0.27 ± 0.60	0.55 ± 1.18	0.37 ± 0.76	0.39 ± 0.87	0.078†
EPDS > 8 (%)	12.1	35.0	34.6	24.1	10.5	21.1	0.022†
MIBQ score	1.95 ± 0.29	1.85 ± 0.70	1.73 ± 0.40	1.69 ± 0.36	1.58 ± 0.39	1.80 ± 0.18	0.338†

EPDS: Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Scale, MIBQ: Mother-Infant Bonding Questionnaire.

SD: Standard deviation, SE: Standard error.

*p value compared between five groups using the Kruskal–Wallis test.

^†p value compared between the pre-quake group and the 0–6 months group using the Mann–Whitney U test.