Table 1.
Comparisons of baseline characteristics between the survivor and death groups with acute PQ poisoning.
| Parameters | Survivor group (n = 53) |
Death group (n = 118) |
P value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Sex (male) | 20 (37.70%) | 63 (53.40%) | 0.069 |
| Age (y) | 31.00 (23.00, 43.50) | 33.50 (24.00, 49.00) | 0.375 |
| Time to hospital arrival (h) | 6.00 (4.00, 24.00) | 5.00 (3.88, 11.25) | 0.325 |
| Smoking status | 0.883 | ||
| Never smoker | 39 (73.6%) | 86 (72.9%) | |
| Current smoker | 12 (22.6%) | 29 (24.6%) | |
| Former smoker | 2 (3.8%) | 3 (2.5%) | |
| Drinking status | 0.476 | ||
| Never drinker | 44 (83.0%) | 93 (78.8%) | |
| Current drinker | 9 (17.0%) | 22 (18.6%) | |
| Former drinker | 0 (0.00%) | 3 (2.5%) | |
| Estimated ingestion amount (mL) | 10.00 (5.00, 25.00) | 30.00 (20.00, 100.00) | <0.001 |
| Clinical manifestation | |||
| Vomiting | 47 (88.70%) | 108 (91.50%) | 0.577 |
| Inflammation of the oral mucosa | 30 (56.60%) | 62 (52.50%) | 0.740 |
| Epigastric pain | 12 (22.60%) | 41 (34.70%) | 0.152 |
| Admission sCr (μmol/L) | 65.00 (48.00, 100.00) | 72.00 (55.75, 105.25) | 0.127 |
| Vmax [μmol/(L·h)] | 4.04 ± 3.31 | 9.70 ± 4.60 | <0.001 |
| MaxCr (μmol/L) | 206.11 ± 116.67 | 372.16 ± 149.28 | <0.001 |
| Time to Admission sCr (h) | 6.17 (4.28, 24.35) | 5.99 (4.15, 12.26) | 0.985 |
| Time to Vmax (h) | 41.15 (30.97, 59.41) | 30.03 (21.09, 43.49) | <0.001 |
| Time to maxCr (h) | 62.87 (43.07, 81.09) | 57.21 (36.65, 88.72) | 0.281 |
| Body temperature (°C) | 37.11 ± 0.44 | 37.31 ± 0.74 | 0.031 |
| Heart rate (beats/min) | 82.55 ± 14.05 | 85.54 ± 17.03 | 0.264 |
| Respiratory rate (breaths/min) | 20.00 (18.00, 20.00) | 20.00 (18.75, 21.00) | 0.268 |
| Mean arterial pressure (mm Hg) | 87.48 ± 14.05 | 92.57 ± 13.51 | 0.026 |
| PH | 7.44 (7.41, 7.46) | 7.41 (7.37, 7.44) | <0.001 |
| PaO2 (mm Hg) | 98.25 ± 19.10 | 98.57 ± 21.10 | 0.924 |
| PaCO2 (mm Hg) | 33.86 ± 5.19 | 30.07 ± 7.97 | <0.001 |
| Potassium (mol/L) | 3.53 ± 0.45 | 3.44 ± 0.57 | 0.325 |
| Sodium (mol/L) | 139.00 (137.00, 141.00) | 140.00 (138.00, 143.00) | 0.001 |
| White blood cells (×109/L) | 12.10 (9.85, 14.10) | 17.25 (14.23, 23.23) | <0.001 |
| APACHE II score | 4.85 ± 3.44 | 8.73 ± 4.73 | <0.001 |
PQ: paraquat; sCr: the serum creatinine concentration; Vmax: the maximum serum creatinine growth rate; maxCr: the maximum serum creatinine value; PaCO2: partial pressure of carbon dioxide; PaO2: partial pressure of oxygen; APACHE II: the acute physiology and chronic health evaluation II.