Table 1.
Summary of mentioned recombinant antibodies with potential use in veterinary medicine.
| Application | Ab format | Expression system | Species | Main result | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Diagnosis | sdAb | E. coli | Pig | High specificity and affinity for the capsid protein of PVC type II. | (11) |
| sdAb | E. coli | Pig | High sensitivity and specificity recognizing the capsid protein of PCV type II by ELISA. | (12) | |
| Porcinized full Ab | HEK293 | Pig | Recognizes the E2 protein of CSFV. | (13) | |
| scFv | E. coli | Pig | Recognition of B. hyodysenteriae for the diagnosis of swine dysentery. | (14) | |
| sdAb | E. coli | Pig | Specific recognition of T. solium antigens for the control of cysticercosis. | (15) | |
| scFv | E. coli | Cow | Binds to the 3B region of 3ABC non-structural protein of FMDV. | (16, 17) | |
| scFv | Plants | Cow | scFv directed at the VP1 protein of FMDV. | (18) | |
| scFv | E. coli | Cow | Highly specific to the capsid protein of BIV. | (19) | |
| scFv | HEK293 | Cow | Detection of HSP65 from M. tuberculosis. | (20) | |
| sdAb (VHH) | E. coli | Cow | Recognizes B. melitensis strain Riv1 by ELISA. | (21) | |
| Full Ab | CHO | Cow | Higher sensitivity to recognize the pathogenic isoform of prion protein (PrPsc) than its scFv form. | (22) | |
| scFv | E. coli | Chicken | Specific to the NP of AIV. | (23) | |
| scFv | E. coli | Birds | Targeted to P phosphoprotein of NDV involved in transcription and replication. | (24) | |
| scFv | E. coli | Chicken | Differential diagnosis of classical and very virulent strains of IBDV. | (25, 26) | |
| scFv | E. coli | Chicken | Recognizes oocyst and macrogamont stages of E. tenella for the diagnosis of avian coccidiosis. | (27) | |
| Fc-sdAb (Fc-VHH) | E. coli | Dog | Recognizes Canine EGFR to label breast cancer cells. | (28) | |
| Prophylaxis | scFv-Fc | HEK293 | Pig | Antigen targeting of important structural peptides for PEDV and PRRSV to dendritic cell receptors. | (29, 30) |
| Full Ab | HEK293 | Pig | Antigen targeting of the glycoprotein 4 of PRRSV to CD169 receptor. | (31) | |
| sdAb (VHH) | E. coli | Pig | Binds to non-structural protein 9 of PRRSV. | (32) | |
| Chimeric M x P Full Ab | Sf9 cells | Pig | Recognizes PRRSV glycoprotein 5 by WB and ELISA, neutralizing activity in vitro. | (33) | |
| scFv-Fc | HEK293 | Pig | Antigen targeting to Langerin receptor. Enhances humoral and T CD4 responses against PEDV. | (34) | |
| scFv-Fc | HEK293 | Pig | Reduction of RNA from PEDV in feces. | (35) | |
| scFv | E. coli | Pig | Neutralizing activity of PEDV in vitro. | (36) | |
| scFv | E. coli | Pig | Recognizes the recombinant C subunit of pAPN by ELISA. | (37) | |
| Fused sdAb with pIg (VHH2) | Yeast | Pig | Neutralizing activity in vitro of FMDV and reduced viremia in vivo. | (38) | |
| VHH3s | Yeast | Pig | Neutralizing activity of FMDV in vitro and delayed clinical symptoms and transmission in vivo. | (39) | |
| scFv | Vero | Pig | Antigen targeting of ASFV to SLA. | (40) | |
| Chimeric M x P Full Ab | Yeast | Pig | Growth inhibition of H. parasuis in vitro and partial protection in vivo to prevent Glasser's disease. | (41) | |
| scFv | E. coli | Cow | Blocks cell adhesion of ETEC. Reduced ETEC infection in vivo. | (42) | |
| scFv | E. coli | Cow | Inhibits cell adhesion of ETEC by blocking K99 factor, evaluated in vitro. | (43) | |
| scFv | Plants | Cow | Diminished ETEC binding ability in calf enterocytes and in horse blood red cells. | (44) | |
| scFv | E. coli | Chicken | Neutralizing activity against the IBV. | (45) | |
| scFv | E. coli | Chicken | Reduced viral infection of IBDV in ovo. | (46) | |
| scFv | LMH* cells | Chicken | Decreased viral titers in vivo of IBDV. | (47) | |
| scFv | E. coli | Chicken | Neutralization of NDV, low viral titers and cytopathic effect in vitro. | (48) | |
| scFv | Plants | Chicken | Diminished oocyst count of E. tenella (coccidia) in feces. | (49) | |
| Full Ab | Plants | Chicken | Recognizes oocysts, sporocyst walls and sporozoites antigens of E. acervulina. | (50) | |
| scFv | Plants | Chicken | Diminished oocysts count of E. tenella in feces. | (51) | |
| scFv | HEK293 | Sheep | Improved cellular IFN response to Rift Valley Fever virus through antigen targeting. | (52) | |
| Therapeutics | Full Ab | HEK293 | Pigs | Recognition of groups 1 and 2 hemagglutinins and neutralizing activity against influenza virus. | (53) |
| Full Ab | CHO | Pigs | Reduced gross pathology in lungs after challenge with influenza A virus. No effect on viral titers. | (54) | |
| scFv | E. coli | Cow | Obstruction of tissue adhesion by S. aureus to prevent bovine mastitis. | (55) | |
| sdAb (VHH) | E. coli | Cow | Recognizes β-hemolysin of S. aureus. Shows neutralizing activity in vitro. | (56) | |
| Chimeric M x C Full Ab | CHO | Chicken | Recognition of VP2 protein of virulent strain of IBDV, 80% protection in chickens. | (57) | |
| sdAb | E. coli | Chicken | Neutralizing activity specific for the H5 hemagglutinin from AIV. High protection rates in vivo. | (58) | |
| Fab | E. coli | Chicken | Neutralization and inhibition of hemagglutination in infected mice. | (59) | |
| scFv | E. coli | Chicken | Reduced viral titers of avian influenza H5N1 virus. | (60) | |
| Chimeric M × D Full Ab | CHO | Dog | Effective to treat chronic inflammation in dogs. | (61) | |
| Caninized Full Ab | CHO | Dog | Treatment of atopic dermatitis, reduction of pruritus. | (62, 63) | |
| scFv | CHO and E. coli | Dog | Anti-canine CD20, potential use in the treatment and diagnosis of B cell malignancies. | (64) | |
| Caninized Full Ab | CHO | Dog | Recognizes EGFR. Antiproliferative effect of cancer cells in vitro. | (65) | |
| scFv | E. coli | Dog | Potential use for targeting to canine dendritic cells. | (66) |
*
LMH, Leghorn male hepatoma cell line.