| Live oral vaccine |
Approved for use in US military populations of 17–50 years old (type 4 and 7); balance humoral and cellular responses; inducing mucosal immunity; single dose sufficient |
Not be recommended for use in children or general population; may spread to environment; the epidemic types differ geographically; potential highly pathogenic recombinant from vaccine strains |
| Inactivated vaccine |
Safe; highly effective at preventing adenovirus disease indicated by early reports; may be used in children or general population |
Early clinical researches failed due to possible seeds contaminated with simian virus SV-40; possible lack of cellular response and cross protection; essential adjuvant and multiple injection |
| Replication-defective live adenovirus |
High level of safety; elicit cellular responses and even mucosal immunity |
The occurrence of replication-competent adenovirus in culture or in vivo; unclear whether it expresses late capsid proteins in vivo; few researches reported |
| Epitope-based vaccine |
Multivalent vaccine could be constructed by capsid-incorporation strategy; synthetic peptides easy and cheap to produce |
Capsid proteins are trimeric, important neutralization epitopes may be conformation dependent and requires further investigation; short epitope peptide is weakly immunogenic |
| Capsid-chimeric Ad vaccine |
Enabling easy culture and purification as a multivalent vaccine; reducing the impact of potential recombination; induce balance immunogenic responses |
More investigations needed |
| Subunit or VLP vaccine |
High level of safety; high level expression in E.coli or insect cells |
May lack of cellular responses; essential adjuvant and multiple injection |
