Table 4.
Comparison of clinical variables between patients with and without VAD implantation
| VAD implantation (n = 9) | No VAD implantation (n = 6) | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 26 [19–40] | 55 [51–67] | 0.0132 |
| Male, n (%) | 6 (67) | 2 (33) | 0.21 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 21 [20–23] | 22.5 [21–24] | 0.59 |
| Symptom onset to hospitalization (days) | 4 [3–5] | 3 [0–4] | 0.31 |
| PR (beats/min) | 86 [72–111] | 112 [58–140] | 0.56 |
| SBP (mmHg) | 85 [65–106] | 88 [76–98] | 0.81 |
| CAVB, n (%) | 4 (44) | 1 (17) | 0.26 |
| CPA before ECMO, n (%) | 2 (22) | 5 (83) | 0.02 |
| Symptom onset to ECMO (days) | 5 [3–6] | 4 [4–7] | 1.00 |
| ECMO duration (days) | 7 [5–9] | 6 [2–9] | 0.72 |
| IABP, n (%) | 9 (100) | 4 (67) | 0.06 |
| IABP duration (days) | 8 [5–18] | 7 [3–14] | 0.64 |
| %FS on admission (%) | 7 [5–19] | 18 [14–26] | 0.12 |
| %FS at ECMO (%) | 5.5 [4–12.5] | 14 [5–16] | 0.56 |
| T‐Bil on admission (mg/dL) | 1.8 [0.6–5.0] | 0.75 [0.6–1.2] | 0.15 |
| BUN on admission (mg/dL) | 34 [20–37] | 31.5 [23–39] | 0.64 |
| Cr on admission (mg/dL) | 1.1 [0.9–1.2] | 1.3 [0.7–2.1] | 0.81 |
| CK on admission (IU/L) | 2240 [1828–3063] | 841.5 [508–2026] | 0.10 |
| CK‐MB on admission (IU/L) | 106 [67–241] | 78 [77–98] | 0.39 |
| Peak BUN (mg/dL) | 53 [35–87] | 95.5 [34–101] | 0.56 |
| Peak Cr (mg/dL) | 1.4 [1.2–2.3] | 3.6 [2.9–5.9] | 0.05 |
| Peak CK (IU/L) | 5166 [2784–7819] | 10 190 [3764–22 675] | 0.29 |
| Peak CK‐MB (IU/L) | 279 [195–500] | 607 [524–641] | 0.21 |
| Retroperitoneal haemorrhage, n (%) | 1 (11) | 1 (17) | 0.76 |
| Duration of hospital stay (days) | 177 [80–314] | 6 [2–11] | 0.003 |
| EMB during the acute phase (<7 days), n (%) | 8 (89) | 3 (50) | 0.09 |
| Lymphocytic myocarditis, n (%) | 5 (63) | 1 (33) | 0.38 |
| Giant cell myocarditis, n (%) | 2 (25) | 2 (67) | 0.20 |
| Borderline myocarditis, n (%) | 1 (13) | 0 (0) | 0.41 |
%FS, % fractional shortening; BMI, body mass index; BUN, serum blood urea nitrogen; CAVB, complete atrioventricular block; CPA, cardiopulmonary arrest; Cr, serum creatinine; CK, creatine kinase; CK‐MB, creatine kinase‐MB isoform; ECMO, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation; EMB, endomyocardial biopsy; IABP, intra‐aortic balloon pumping; PR, pulse rate; PWT, posterior wall thickness; SBP, systolic blood pressure; T‐Bil, total bilirubin; VAD, ventricular assist device.
Continuous variables are presented as medians and interquartile ranges and categorical variables as percentages.